Chapter 1 and 4 Flashcards
What are the 5 unifying themes in Biology?
organization, interactions, information, evolution, energy and matter
What are the levels of biological organization?
Biosphere, ecosystem, communities, population, organism, organ, tissue, cell, organelles, molecule
Fundamental unit of life?
Cell
Characteristics of a PROkaryote?
more simple that eukaryotic, NO MEMBRANE BOUND ORGANELLES, no nucleus, ex. bacteria
Characteristics of a EUkaryote?
membrane enclosed organelles including DNA, has a nucleus, ex. plants, animals, fungi
What organelle is found in all cells?
Ribosomes
What 4 characteristics do all living cells share?
cytoplasm, ribosomes, DNA, plasma membrane
How does DNA encode a cells information?
DNA>RNA>Protein
DNA provides blueprints for making protein
How are energy and matter transferred and transformed in ecosystems?
Living organisms(plants, photosynthetic organisms) convert energy of sunlight into chemical energy go nonliving (sugars)
Energy flows _____ way, entering as _____ and exiting as ______.
one way, light, heat
What are the three domains(largest groups) of life?
Bacteria, Archea, Eukaryotes
Characteristics of bacteria?
prokaryotic, no nucleas, no membrane bound organelles, most are unicellular
Characteristics of archea?
prokaryotic, unicellular, like bacteria
Characteristics of eukaryotes?
contain a nucleas and membrane bound organelles.
Plantae
produce own food by photosynthesis
Fungi
absorb nutrients, decomposers
Animals
ingest their food
Protists
Mostly unicellular, most numerous and diverse
Dear King Phillip Come Out For Goodness Sake
(most broad)Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species (most specific)
Compound Light Microscope
visible light, surface view, can see shape and structure and actively moving parts of cell 1000x
Dissecting Scope
magnifies up to 40x, larger organisms
Electron Microscope
uses electrons instead of beam of light, only for dead cells
Why are membrane bound compartments so important? (stacks of flattened sacs)
Membranes compartmentalize the interior of the cell and increase surface area for reactions.
What are only found in animal cells?
Centrosome and Lysosome
What are only found in plant cells?
cell wall, central vacuole, chloroplasts
Nucleus contains __________.
most of the DNA in a eukaryotic cell
Nucleolus
where ribosomes are made
Functions of ribosomes
ribosomes synthesize proteins, makes proteins, found in all living cells
Golgi apparatus
Packaging, modification, and distribution of molecules
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough- contains ribosomes
Smooth-lacks ribosomes, synthesis of lipids
Lysosomes
Sacs containing digestive enzymes
Vacuole
large, store nutrients and water
Mitochondria
harvest chem energy from food (cellular respiration)
Chloroplasts
convert solar energy to chemical energy (photosynthesis)
Microtubules
maintain cell shape, hollow tubes
microfilaments
thread like, muscle contraction, cytoplasimc streaming
intermediate filaments
coiled fibrous protein, anchors nucleaus and other organelles
