Chapter 2 Flashcards
This manual, used in conjuction with the ____ manual Applying Pesticides Correctly , should provide information to meet minimum _____ standards for certification of commercial applicators in Category 3, Ornamental and Turf pest Control
EPA
Numberous pests adversely affect ornamental plants and turfgrasses. ______ _____________ is the first step in solving a problem. After ______ a control method must be chosen. If a pesticide is to be used, the applicator should select an appropriate material and must know how to properly apply it and be familiar with its potential dangers and side effects.
pest identification
Recommendations for control of these pests are available from your ________ ________ ______
county extension office
_____________ is undesirable injury to plants and may include abnormal growth, foliar burn, leaf drop and discolored, curled and spotted leaves.
Phytotoxicity
__________ plants are more susceptible to pesticide damage than ________ plants
Herbaceous; Woody
Woody plants are most suscepitble when growth is _________
young and tender
____________ are most likely to cause accidental plant damage, but insecticides and fungicides may also cause damage to certain sensitive species or to tolerant plants under unusual conditions such as high temperatures.
Herbicides
The ___________ _________ is the best guide for the safe use of a pesticide on a specific ornamental plants
pesticide label
____________ ____________ is influenced by several factors including application rate, soil type, or texture, temperature, moisture conditions and rainfall
Pesticide Persistence
Two factors must be considered to __________________ 1) hazardous amounts of pesticides must be prevented from drifting into nontarget areas and (2) humans, pets and other domestic animals must be prevented from contacting hazardous amounts of pesticides within the treated area.
mininize pesticide hazards to the environment
The applicator should consider the hazard and toxicity of the active ingredients when choosing a pesticide. Use formulations and application methods that will _________ ________
minimize drift
____________ should never be applied with an air blast sprayer
herbicides
Two types of ________ occur: most common is is the drift of spray droplets or dust particles which are affected by such things as spray pressure, nozzle opening size, wind velocity, and pesticide formulations. Using lower pressure and/or larger nozzle opening size should reduce ____. Second type of ________, vapor ____ occurs when a pesticide has high volatility and vaoprs or gases are produced in harmful quantities. Fumigants, such as methyl bromide, must be confined to prevent drift from the treated area
drift
_________ advisory statements are included on the label of some pesticides indicating that the product may not be safe to apploy where the water table is close to the surface and where soils are very permeable (well-drained)
Groundwater
Many natural occurring ________ ________ are often critical to the long term stability of ornamental plants in a landscape or of a turfgrass ecosystem. Earthworms for example can cause short lived aesthetic injury to turf, however their feeding and burrowing activity enhances soil structure
beneficial organisms
