Chapter 2

Question 1

the movement of particles from regions of higher density to regions of lower density

Answer 1

diffusion

Question 2

the diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane

Answer 2

osmosis

Question 3

the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell

Answer 3

passive transport

Question 4

the movement of substances across the cell membrane that requires the cell to use energy

Answer 4

active transport

Question 5

the process by which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses the particle in a vesicle to bring the particle into the cell

Answer 5

endocytosis

Question 6

the process in which a cell releases a particle in a vesicle that then moves to the cell surface and fuses with the cell emebrane

Answer 6

exocytosis

Question 7

the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make food

Answer 7

photosynthesis

Question 8

the process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food

Answer 8

cellular respiration

Question 9

the breakdown of food without the use of oxygen

Answer 9

fermentation

Question 10

the life cycle of a cell

Answer 10

cell cycle

Question 11

in a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA

Answer 11

chromosome

Question 12

chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the same structure

Answer 12

homologous chromosomes

Question 13

in eukaryotic cells, a process of cell division that forms two new nuclei, each of which has the same number of chromosomes

Answer 13

mitosis

Question 14

the division of the cytoplasm of a cell

Answer 14

cytokinesis