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AP Human Geography > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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0
Q

East Asia

A
  • China, Japan, and Korea
    • 1/5 of the world’s population
    • sparsely inhabited mountains and deserts
    • clustered near the Pacific Coast
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1
Q

What are the most populated regions?

A
  • East Asia
    • South Asia
    • Europe
    • Eastern North America
    • West Africa
    • Southeast Asia
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2
Q

South Asia

A
  • India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka
    • heavily populated near coastlines
    • mostly farmers
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3
Q

Southeast Asia

A
  • about 500,000 people
    • mostly on islands
    • Phillipines and Indonesia
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4
Q

Europe

A
  • 1/9 of world’s population
    • Monoca and Russia
    • Mostly urban
    • mostly near coal fields of England and Germany
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5
Q

Eastern North America

A
  • United States
    • along Atlantic coast
    • mostly urban
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6
Q

West Africa

A
  • 2% of world’s population
    • south facing Atlantic coast
    • Nigeria
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7
Q

Ecumene

A

Portion of Earth’s surface occupied by permanent human settlement

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8
Q

Non-ecumene

A

Portion of Earth’s surface not occupied by permanent human settlement

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9
Q

List the 4 “lands” which are sparsely populated on Earth.

A
  • dry lands
    • wet lands
    • cold lands
    • high lands
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10
Q

Dry lands

A
  • too dry for farming

- lack of sufficient water to grow crops that could feed large populations

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11
Q

Wet lands

A
  • receives very high levels of precipitation

- depletes nutrients from the soil and thus hinders agriculture

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12
Q

Cold lands

A
  • covered in ice or frozen ground
    • less precipitation
    • unsustainable for planting crops
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13
Q

High lands

A
  • steep and covered in snow

- uncomfortably high

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14
Q

Arithmetic density

A

Total number of people divides by total land area

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15
Q

Physiological density

A

Number of people supported by a unit area of arable land

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16
Q

Agricultural density

A

Ratio of the number of farmers to the amount of arable land

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17
Q

Crude birth rate (CBR)

A

Total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society

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18
Q

Crude death rate (CDR)

A

Total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society

19
Q

Natural increase rate (NIR)

A

Percentage by which a population grows in a year

20
Q

What is the NIR today?

A

1.2%

21
Q

When did global NIR peak, and what was it?

A

1963 - 2.2%

22
Q

About how many people are being added to the world’s population each year?

A

80 million

23
Q

Doubling time

A

Number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase

24
Q

In what 4 regions is most growth occurring?

A
  • Asia
    • Africa
    • Latin America
    • Middle East
25
Q

Total fertility rate (TFR)

A

Average number of children a women will have throughout her child bearing years (ages 15-49)

26
Q

What is the global average TFR?

A

2.7

27
Q

What region has the highest TFR?

A

Sub-Saharan Africa

28
Q

What region has the lowest TFR?

A

Europe

29
Q

Infant mortality rate (IMR)

A

Annual number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age compared with total live births

30
Q

Life expectancy

A

Average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live at current mortality levels

31
Q

How are mortality rates distributed globally, in terms of the developed and developing worlds?

A
  • most favorable in wealthier countries

- least favorable in poorer countries

32
Q

Total population formula

A

Demographic change - original population + births - deaths + immigrants - emigrants = total population (D-O+B-D=TP)

33
Q

Triangle shaped population pyramid

A
  • rapid growth
    • LDCs
    • younger generations
34
Q

Extended triangle shaped population pyramid

A
  • moderate growth
    • LDCs
    • working class generations
35
Q

Column shaped population pyramid

A
  • slow growth
    • MDCs
    • wealthier
    • contraceptives
36
Q

Pentagon shaped population pyramid

A
  • reduced growth
    • MDCs
    • stage 5 (Germany)
    • shrinking
37
Q

Demographic transition

A

Process with several stages and every country is in one of them

38
Q

Stage 1: Low Growth

A
  • most of humanity’s 100,000 years occupy of Earth
  • people depended on hunting and gathering
  • high CDR
  • low NIR
39
Q

Stage 2: High Growth

A
  • 10,000 years after the agricultural revolution
  • world’s population grew 10 times faster
  • 1750s
  • low CDR
40
Q

Stage 3: Moderate Growth

A
  • CBR drops sharply
  • first have of 20th century
  • people are more likely to live in cities
41
Q

Stage 4: Low Growth

A
  • zero population growth (ZPG)
  • mostly European countries
  • more contraceptives after 1960s
42
Q

What primarily determines the shape of a population pyramid?

A

CBR

43
Q

Dependency Ratio

A

Number of people too young or too old to work

44
Q

What two age groups are categorized as dependent?

A

0-14 and 65+

AP Human Geography (5 decks)

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