Chapter 2 Flashcards
East Asia
- China, Japan, and Korea
- 1/5 of the world’s population
- sparsely inhabited mountains and deserts
- clustered near the Pacific Coast
What are the most populated regions?
- East Asia
- South Asia
- Europe
- Eastern North America
- West Africa
- Southeast Asia
South Asia
- India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka
- heavily populated near coastlines
- mostly farmers
Southeast Asia
- about 500,000 people
- mostly on islands
- Phillipines and Indonesia
Europe
- 1/9 of world’s population
- Monoca and Russia
- Mostly urban
- mostly near coal fields of England and Germany
Eastern North America
- United States
- along Atlantic coast
- mostly urban
West Africa
- 2% of world’s population
- south facing Atlantic coast
- Nigeria
Ecumene
Portion of Earth’s surface occupied by permanent human settlement
Non-ecumene
Portion of Earth’s surface not occupied by permanent human settlement
List the 4 “lands” which are sparsely populated on Earth.
- dry lands
- wet lands
- cold lands
- high lands
Dry lands
- too dry for farming
- lack of sufficient water to grow crops that could feed large populations
Wet lands
- receives very high levels of precipitation
- depletes nutrients from the soil and thus hinders agriculture
Cold lands
- covered in ice or frozen ground
- less precipitation
- unsustainable for planting crops
High lands
- steep and covered in snow
- uncomfortably high
Arithmetic density
Total number of people divides by total land area
Physiological density
Number of people supported by a unit area of arable land
Agricultural density
Ratio of the number of farmers to the amount of arable land
Crude birth rate (CBR)
Total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society
Crude death rate (CDR)
Total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society
Natural increase rate (NIR)
Percentage by which a population grows in a year
What is the NIR today?
1.2%
When did global NIR peak, and what was it?
1963 - 2.2%
About how many people are being added to the world’s population each year?
80 million
Doubling time
Number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase
In what 4 regions is most growth occurring?
- Asia
- Africa
- Latin America
- Middle East
Total fertility rate (TFR)
Average number of children a women will have throughout her child bearing years (ages 15-49)
What is the global average TFR?
2.7
What region has the highest TFR?
Sub-Saharan Africa
What region has the lowest TFR?
Europe
Infant mortality rate (IMR)
Annual number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age compared with total live births
Life expectancy
Average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live at current mortality levels
How are mortality rates distributed globally, in terms of the developed and developing worlds?
- most favorable in wealthier countries
- least favorable in poorer countries
Total population formula
Demographic change - original population + births - deaths + immigrants - emigrants = total population (D-O+B-D=TP)
Triangle shaped population pyramid
- rapid growth
- LDCs
- younger generations
Extended triangle shaped population pyramid
- moderate growth
- LDCs
- working class generations
Column shaped population pyramid
- slow growth
- MDCs
- wealthier
- contraceptives
Pentagon shaped population pyramid
- reduced growth
- MDCs
- stage 5 (Germany)
- shrinking
Demographic transition
Process with several stages and every country is in one of them
Stage 1: Low Growth
- most of humanity’s 100,000 years occupy of Earth
- people depended on hunting and gathering
- high CDR
- low NIR
Stage 2: High Growth
- 10,000 years after the agricultural revolution
- world’s population grew 10 times faster
- 1750s
- low CDR
Stage 3: Moderate Growth
- CBR drops sharply
- first have of 20th century
- people are more likely to live in cities
Stage 4: Low Growth
- zero population growth (ZPG)
- mostly European countries
- more contraceptives after 1960s
What primarily determines the shape of a population pyramid?
CBR
Dependency Ratio
Number of people too young or too old to work
What two age groups are categorized as dependent?
0-14 and 65+
