Chapter 2

Question 1

Differentiate between matter and energy

Answer 1

Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass

Energy is the capacity to do work, or to put matter into motion

Question 2

Differentiate between potential energy and kinetic energy

Answer 2

Kinetic energy is energy in action

Potential energy is stored energy

Question 3

Describe the major energy forms

Answer 3

Chemical energy: stored in bonds of chemical substances
Electrical energy: results from the movement of charged particles
Mechanical energy: energy directly involved in moving matter
Radiant energy (electromagnetic): energy that travels in waves

Question 4

Define chemical element and list the four that form the bulk of body matter

Answer 4

Unique substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical methods; carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen

Question 5

Define atom and list its subatomic particles

Answer 5

The building blocks of elements; protons, neutrons, electrons

Question 6

Define atomic number, atomic mass, atomic weight, isotope, and radioisotope

Answer 6

Atomic number: equal to the number of protons in the nucleus
Atomic mass: sum of the masses of an atoms protons and neutrons
Atomic weight: average of the relative weights of all the isotopes of an element
Isotope: have the same number of protons and electrons, but a different number of neutrons
Radioisotope: isotopes the exhibit radioactivity

Question 7

Define molecule, and distinguish between a compound and a mixture

Answer 7

Molecule: a combination of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds
Compound: when two or more different atoms bind
Mixture: substances composed of two or more components physically intermixed

Question 8

Compare solutions, colloids, and suspensions

Answer 8

Solution: Homogenous; tiny solute particles, do not settle or scatter light
Colloid: Heterogenous; larger solute particles, scatter light, do not settle out
Suspension: Heterogenous; very large solute particles, settle out