Chapter 2

Question 0

Erastian Kingship

Answer 0

A belief that the church should be subordinate to the church.

Question 1

The Reformation

Answer 1

Ideological and doctrinal challenge to the Catholic Church.

Martin Luther seen as the start.

Question 2

Anti-clericalism

Answer 2

Criticisms of the practises of the Catholic clergy.

Question 3

Penance

Answer 3

Absolve oneself of sin and receive the Eucharist. If died in sin, would enter purgatory (place of punishment). Purchase indulgences for masses to be said in their name.

Question 4

Confraternities

Answer 4

Pray for the souls of the dead.

Question 5

Why was the Catholic Church so important to the lives of ordinary people?

Answer 5

Sacraments 
Mass and the Eucharist 
Penance
The Community 
Donations 
Saints

Question 6

Causes of dissatisfaction with the church?

Answer 6

Uneducated Priests
Clerical abuses- Simony- purchase leading clerical office
-pluralism-hold more than one clerical office
Nepotism-donation clerical post to own family
Monks and Nuns- some grown wealthy from renting land
Benefit of the clergy-members if the clergy able to escape trial in secular courts and was open to abuse.
Hunne Affair

Question 7

Indulgences

Answer 7

Pieces of paper signed by the Pope that could be purchased by the laity. Would clean away sins. Martin Luther condemned as he believed only faith could ensure salvation.

Question 8

Martin Luther

Answer 8

Leading German reformer and prominent figure in the early reformation. Excommunicated by Pope Leo in 1520. 1525 Peasant revolution in Germany based on Luther ideas.

Question 9

What was Lutheranism?

Answer 9

Three main ideas:
-Justification by faith alone - salvation found in faith.
-Sola Scriptua-all doctrine grounded in scripture,based on Gods word.
Priesthood of all believers - people have a close relationship with God. Ministers were to preach and teach but not superior .

Question 10

Who opposed the Catholic Church before the Reformation?

Answer 10

The Humanists- Erasmus- foremost Christian Humanist in Europe.

• Believed a return to original scriptures- badly translated from Latin.
• improve literacy and understanding amount clergy.
• had little impact on ordinary people.

Question 11

Who opposed the Catholic Church in England before the reformation?

Answer 11

The Lollards- followed John Wyclif- who wanted a bible in English, the closure of monasteries.
-Attacked papal and priest powers- all should be equal