CHAPTER 2:2 - 1 Flashcards
It is the statistical study of human populations.
Demography
It examines the size, structure, and movements of populations over space and time.
Demography
It is useful for governments and private businesses as a means of analyzing and predicting social, cultural, and economic trends related to population.
Demography
refers to how people are distributed in a specific geographic location.
Spatial distribution
refers to the number of people in a given place or area at a given time.
Population size
It is when the population is characterized in relation to certain variables such as age, sex, occupation or educational level.
Population composition
Source of Demographic Data where data that have not been gathered before and are collected by the nurse through observation (ocular/windshield survey and participant observation), survey, informant interview, community forum, and focus group discussion.
Primary Data
- Observation
- Survey/Census
- Informant interview
- Community forum
- Focus group
Type of primary data where it measures official and periodic enumeration of population.
Survey/Census
Demographic, economic & social data are cllctd from specified pop. group
Under Survey/Census: There are two ways of assigning people during census:
- De jure
- De facto
what method is done when during census, people are assigned to the place where they usually live regardless of where they are at the time of the census.
De jure
what method is done when during census, the people are assigned to the place where they are physically present at the time of the census regardless of their usual place of residence.
De facto
These are purposeful talks with either key informants or ordinary members of the community.
Informant interview
It consist of formal and informal community leaders or persons of position and influence such as leaders in local government, schools, and business.
Key informants
It is an open meeting of the members of the community.
Community forum
Differs from a community forum in the sense that it is made up of a much smaller group, usually 6-12 members only.
Focus group
Example: focus group of first-time pregnant women.
Are taken from existing data sources.
Sources consist of vital registries, health records and reports, disease registries, and census data
Secondary Data
Collecting Secondary Data Sources includes:
a. Vital Events Registry
b. Health Records and reports
c. Disease Registries
d. Census Data
responsible for office and field work primarily involving the collection, processing and dissemination of medical and demographic data obtained from vital statistics documents (births, deaths, fetal deaths, marriages and divorces).
Vital Events Registry
Is used to systematically evaluate patient progress and treatment outcomes, as well as to monitor overall program performance.
Health Records and reports
It is a major component of the network information source developed by the Department of Health (DOH) to enable it to better manage in nationwide health services delivery activities.
Field Health Services Information System (FHSIS)
It helps the local government determine public health priorities. Basis for monitoring and evaluation health program implementation. Likewise, a basis for planning, budgeting, logistics and unusual occurrence of a disease.
Field Health Services Information System (FHSIS)
It is defined as the number of individuals present in a subjectively designated geographic range, and is the most fundamental demographic parameter within a population.
Population Size
2 ways as how you determine the increase in the population resulting from excess of births compared to death
- Natural Increase
- Rate of Natural Increase
It is simply the difference between the number of births and the number of deaths occurring in a population in a specified period of time.
Natural Increase
Formula on getting “Natural Increase”
Number of births – Number of deaths
It is the difference between the CBR and CDR occurring in a population in a specified period of time.
Rate of Natural Increase
Formula on getting “Rate of Natural Increase”
Crude Birth Rate – Crude Death Rate
How do you determine the increase in the population using data obtained during two census periods.
- Absolute increase per year
- Relative increase
Formula on getting “Absolute increase per year”
Pt - Po / t
where:
Pt –population size at a later time
Po –population size at an earlier time
t –number of years between time 0 and time t
Formula on getting “Relative increase”
Pt - Po / Po
where:
Pt –population size at a later time
Po –population size at an earlier time
It is commonly described in terms of its age and sex. The nurse utilizes data on age and sex composition to decide who among the population groups merits attention in terms of health services and programs.
Population Composition
It is used to describe the sex composition of the population, the nurse computes for the sex ratio (compares the no. of males to the no. of females in the population).
Sex Composition
Formula on getting “Sex Composition”
No. of males / No. of females * 100
It represents the No. of males for every 100 females in the population
It helps in knowing the working population who are mainly the youths. It helps in knowing the extent of medical facilities to care for number of aged population.
Age Composition
Two ways to describe the age composition of the population:
- Median Age
- Dependency Ratio
Under age composition, it divides the population into two equal parts.
So, if the median age is said to be 19 years old, it means half of the population belongs to 19 years and above, while the other half belongs to ages below 19 years old.
Median Age
Under age composition, it compares the number of economically dependent with the economically productive group in the population.
Dependency Ratio
The economically dependent are those who belong to what age groups
0-14 and 65 and above age groups
Considered to be economically productive are those within what age group
15 to 64 age group
Formula on getting “Dependency Ratio”
Total Population of ECONOMICALLY DEPENDENT Total / Population of ECONOMICALLY PRODUCTIVE *100
No. of economically dependent for every 100 economically productive.
It is a graphical representation of the age and sex composition of the population.
population pyramid
Steps in constructing the pyramid:
i. Compute the percentage of the population falling in each age-sex group using the total population as the denominator.
ii. Each age group is represented by a horizontal bar. The first bar represents the youngest age group and drawn at the base of the pyramid.
iii. The bars for males are presented on the left side of the central vertical axis while bars for females are on the right side.
iv. The length of each bar corresponds to the % of the population falling in the specific age and sex group being plotted.
It can be described in terms of urban-rural distribution, population density and crowding index.
Population distribution in space
- Urban-rural distribution
- Crowding index
- Population Density
It illustrates the proportion of the people living in urban compared to the rural areas.
Urban-rural distribution
It is described by dividing the number of persons in a household with the number of rooms used by the family for sleeping.
Crowding index
Formula on getting “Crowding index”
No. of persons in a household/No. of rooms used for sleeping
It determines how congested a place is and provides implications in terms of the adequacy of basic health services present in the community.
Population Density
Formula on getting “Population Density”
No. of people/Land are in terms of sq. meter or kilometer
