Chapter 2 Flashcards
What are Psychodynamic theories and who are the main theorists involved?
Fouses on unconsious mental forces. Jung, Frued, Adler.
Frued:
Focused on lengthy interactions delving into peoples pasts (ID, Ego, and Superego)
What are Frueds psychosexual stages?
- Oral(0-1): Pleasure from mouth, 2. Anal(2-3): toilet training. 3. Phalic(4-5): Giving up family romance, 4. Latency(6-12) sexually repressed, 5. Genital(puberty+): sexual interest.
Jung:
2 layers of Unconsoius: 1. personal consiuos+ 2. colletive conscious(inherited/ universal)
and introversion + extraversion
Alder:
Superiority is main human drive (inferiority complex)
What Big Five personality trait is associated with lonegevity and decreased prevalance with disorders?
Consientoiusness
What big five personality trait is assoicated with increased mental disorders?
Neuroticism
Agreeableness is a predictor for what type of behavoiur?
Prosocial behvaoir+ less disorders.
What is a defense mechanism and list them?
A defense mechanism is used to protect a person from unpleasnt emotions, resulting from the ego not doing its job. Reaction formation, displacment, projection, denail, repression, and rationalization.
What is reaction formation?
Acting the opposite of ones emtions(teasing someone you like)
Behavourism+ theorists:
Observable behavoiur, personality is a sum of response tendicies: Pavlov, Skinner, Bandura.
Classical conditiong?
Pavlov: neutral stimulas evokes response origanlly evoked by another stimulas. Uncoditioned stimulus, uncoditioned response, neutral stimulas, conditioned stimulus, conditiones response.
Operant conditiong?
Skinner: Positive rienforcment ( response increases becuase of a reward). Negative rienforcment ( response increases because of the removal of a unpleasent stimulus). Punishment (response is weakened).
Social cognitive theory?
Bandura: Imatation+ operant/ classical conditiong = behavoiur.
- Self- efficacy
- Attention, memory, ability and moptivation are needed for learning.
Humanistic:
people have a innate drive for free will+ personal drive
Person centered theory:
Rogers: Focuses on subjective point of view, Congruent (accurate self concept fueld by conditional love) vs Incongruent ( disparity between actual self and self concept, fueld through conditional love)
Hierarchy of needs:
Maslow: organized in a pyramid from basic needs tp self actual;ization.
Biological prespectives:
personality is determined by genetic inheritance (eysneck)
What are the 3 types of prefectionism?
Self oriented(need for self to be perfect), others orietned(need for others to be perfect), and socially prescribed.
-Self oriented has higher eating and mood disorders as well as relational difficulties.
-Socailly prescribed leads to increased anger, hopelessness, distress and risk for suicide
Lower __________ and higher ___________ are seen in asain cultures, and higher __________ is seen in european/ southern cultures.
Extraversion, openess, neuroticism.
What are the cognitive distortions associated with criminality?
hostile attribution process, lack of empathy, and neutralization attribution process( rationalization).
Social explanations for crime?
based on: consequences for past behavoiur and observational learning.
What increases chances of criminality?
parents with criminal recors, relaxed parenting style, and single parenting as a result of family breakdown.
What are projective tests?
Response to ambigoius stimuli, thematic apperception tests+ rorsarch test(inkblots)
