Chapter 2 Flashcards
Greek thinkers
Socrates (469 - 399 BC)
Plato (427-347 BC)
Aristotle (384-322 BC)
Christian Thinkers
St. Augustine of Hippo (354-430 AD)
St. Anselm of Italy (1033-1109)
St. Thomas Aquinas(1225-1274)
They view that man is composed of body and soul
Greek thinkers
Greek thinkers’ view that man is_________________________________
Composed of body and soul
For him, man is made up of body and soul
Socrates
The highest value of man is__________
Happiness
Attained only by man’s intellectual virtue according to the greek thinkers
Happiness
For socrates___________ is both a basic intellectual principle and moral percept
Know thyself
Know theyself
Socrates
He viewed that the soul of man is the immediate product product of God’s action
Plato
It is spiritual, rational, autonomous, and immortal.
Soul
The first human body was a_________ from which emerged a________
Male body
Female
Thinking principle in man
Spiritual soul
If man lives well on earth, his soul will go to place of_____________
Happiness
_________liberates the soul from the prison of the body
Death
Posited the soul as the substantial form of the human body.
Aristotle
Man is ______animal and_______
Vegetal
Rational
Man’s proper function as man differentiating him from plants and animals.
Rationality
Perceived man in quite a different way
Oriental Counterparts
Focused on the ethical-religious life of man without any attempts to delve into the philosophical nature of man.
Eastern mind
Simply encourages man to be virtuous in order to attain “tao” God
Lao-tse (604 BC)
Taught men with his golden rule in order to attain happiness and self-protection
Kung-fu-tse (confucius) 551-479 BS
Called the enlightened one, wrote that man strives for happiness, which cannot be attained in this changing and illusory world becuase “happiness means changelessness, evenness of being, peace”
Guatama Buddha (563-483 BC)
Three Oriental Mystics (oriental counterpart):
Lao-tse (604 BC)
Kung-fu-tse (Confucius) (551-479 BC)
Gautama Buddha (563-483 BC)
They hold the doctrine that the only way for a man to reach happiness is to liberate himself form the slavery of sensual pleasure of this world and from selfishness.
Three oriental mystics
Man is body soul being which is created by a devine being, God.
St. Thomas Aquinas
Highest good of man
Happiness
Do unto others as you would have them do unto you
Confucius
Confucius
Don unto other as other would have them unto you
Do unto others as you would have them do unto you
Confucius
Perceived man not merely as corporeal and spiritual, but also rational.
Thomas Aquinas
Man thinks and _________
Reason out
Man is not_______________
Static entity
Undergoes continuous change, grows and developed
Human as embodied subjectivity
His rationality elevates him from the level of plants and brutes
Man as rational animal
Man exist in this world. The human body, in the view of the phenomenologist, is man’s link to his physical world. Man gives meaning to the world, and the world gets its meaning from the subjectivity of man.
Man is Being-In-this-World
Man lives in the midst of fellow man, he cannot afford to live alone without the presences of other people. Because man has the social nature
Man as Socius and Interhuman
Man has that drive to improve and developed himself/herself in the journey of life.
Man as Person
Man’s value cannot be quantified or commercialized due to his dignity as human being. Thus, he can not be monetized or reduced to commodity
Man as an Absolute Value
Various Notions of Man
Man as Body-Soul Composite
Man as a Rational Being
Man as Embodied Subjectivity
Man is Being in this World
Man as Socius and Interhuman
Man as Person
Man as an Absolute Value
Question on human existence
Rene Descartes (1956-1650)
I think therefore I am
Rene Descartes
Cogito ergo sum
I think, therefore I am
Total presence to oneself, the human other, in the world in time.
Consciousness
Man knows and feels the good. He tends to do the good. He is altcacted to things that are good. Why is man like this? Because by nature, man is good himself.
The experience of the Good
The good and the beautiful are like blood sisters in that man is attracted to both. Yet the two are nobidentical. Man’s capacity to appreciate is directed toward the beautifuh whether it isa value or an act.
The experience of the Beautiful
Every human creature has the capacity to love; to love him-self, to love others, and God. He also feels the need to be loved by other people like his parents, brothers and sisters, friends, etâl. In short, man is a LOVER and a BELOVED. If is love that keeps man) alive, it is love that makes him happy,
The experience of love
Man is a _______ and a _______
Lover and a Beloved
Without_________man cannot _______ even a single moment
Love
Exist
The experience of the good, the beautiful, love and happiness are the elements of (life, including their respective opposites. Human existence is the sum of all these experiences.
The experience of existence
A concrete proof of life
Phenomenon of death
If life is all pain, suffering and sorrow, the living person is between living and dying. But happiness is said to be the goal of human living and the crowning poisi of human existence,
The experience of happiness
