CHAPTER 2 Flashcards
TYPES OF LIAR
- PANIC LIAR
- OCCUPATIONAL LIAR
- TOURNAMENT LIAR
- ETHNOLOGICAL LIAR
- PSYCHOPATHIC LIAR
- PATHOLOGICAL LIAR
- BLACK LIAR
– a person who lies in order to avoid the consequences of confession.
PANIC LIAR
-He or she is afraid of embarrassment to loved ones and is a serious blow to his or her ego.
PANIC LIAR
– a person who has lied for years.
OCCUPATIONAL LIAR
-This person is a practical liar and lies when it has a higher payoff than telling truth.
OCCUPATIONAL LIAR
– a person who loves to lie and is excited by the challenge of not being detected.
TOURNAMENT LIAR
-He views as another contest and wants to win.
TOURNAMENT LIAR
-He lies because it is the only weapon remaining with which to fight.
TOURNAMENT LIAR
-This person realizes that he or she will probably be convinced but will not give anyone the satisfaction of hearing him or her confess.
TOURNAMENT LIAR
-He wants people to believe that the law is punishing an innocent person.
TOURNAMENT LIAR
– a person who was trained not to be a squealer.
ETHNOLOGICAL LIAR
-This person loves to be interrogated and has taken a creed either personal or with others, that he or she will never reveal the truth, the creed of underworld gangs.
ETHNOLOGICAL LIAR
– this type of liar has no conscience.
PSYCHOPATHIC LIAR
-He shows no regret for his dishonest actions and no manifestation of guilt.
PSYCHOPATHIC LIAR
-This is the most difficult type of liar because he is good actor he can fool most investigator.
PSYCHOPATHIC LIAR
– a person who cannot distinguished what is right from wrong.
PATHOLOGICAL LIAR
-These are those people who are mentally sick.
PATHOLOGICAL LIAR
– a person who always pretends and a hypocrite.
BLACK LIAR
TYPES OF LIES
- DIRECT DENIAL
- LIE OF OMISSION
- LIE OF FABRICATION
- LIE OF MINIMIZATION
- LIE OF EXAGGERATION
- This Is _____ of The Act in Question That Creates an Emotional Sense of Disturbance.
Direct Denial
-This disturbance refers to the conflict between what is true and the attempted deception that creates an internal battle in the mind.
DIRECT DENIAL
-The vague response permits the person to evade inner conflict while seeming to answer the question.
DIRECT DENIAL
-The reply given to a query must be evaluated in terms of what asked to know if the answer is proper.
DIRECT DENIAL
- This type of lie that people usually used because it is simple to tell.
LIE OF OMISSION
-Individuals who will make use of this type of lie will tell the truth while omitting details that could create possible troubles.
LIE OF OMISSION
– This is the most difficult type of lie that a subject could use in an interview.
LIE OF FABRICATION
- This type of lie, individual will accept that something has occurred/but downplays the implication.
LIE OF MINIMIZATION
could be used if a subject wanted to stay close to the truth’ however he covers the truth for his or her own benefit.
LIE OF MINIMIZATION
- This is a lie often used to things for the hope of obtaining some advantages.
LIE OF EXAGGERATION
-This is also often found on resume, where applicant exaggerates his or her experiences, knowledge, skills, salary and length of service.
LIE OF EXAGGERATION
-The claims can be verified by looking for inconsistencies of the subject story.
LIE OF EXAGGERATION
is a lie that is told when it is obvious to all concerned that is it a lie.
BALD-FACED LIE
Example: a child who has chocolate all over his face and denies that he has eaten the last piece of chocolate cake.
BALD-FACED LIE
- is a lie often a platitude that may use euphemism that is told to make an adult subject acceptable to children.
LIE-TO-CHILDREN
A common example is “The stork brought you”.
LIE-TO-CHILDREN
would cause no discord if it were uncovered and offers some benefit to the liar, the hearer, or both.
BENIGN OR WHITE LIE
are often used to avoid offense, such as telling someone that you think that their new outfit looks good when you actually think that it is a horrible excuse for an outfit.
BENIGN OR WHITE LIE
-The lie is told to avoid the harmful implications and realistic implications of the truth.
BENIGN OR WHITE LIE
is one that would normally cause discord it if were uncovered, but that offers some benefit to the liar and perhaps assist in an orderly society and thus potentially gives some benefit to others also.
NOBLE LIE
-It is often told to maintain law, order and safety.
NOBLE LIE
usually has the effect of helping an elite maintain power.
NOBLE LIE
is a strategic lie told when the truth may not be told because, for example, harm to a third party would come of it.
EMERGENCY LIE
–for a split of second, you need to tell a lie
EMERGENCY LIE
Example: a neighbor might lie to an engaged husband about the whereabouts of his unfaithful wife, because said husband might reasonably be expected to inflict physical injury to his husband.
EMERGENCY LIE
- It is the act of lying or making verifiably false statements on a material matter under oath or affirmation in a court of law or in any of various sworn statements in writing.
PERJURY
- Pretending to have capability or intention one doesn’t.
BLUFFING
is a crime because the witness has sworn to tell the truth and, for the credibility of the court, witness testimony must be relied on an being truthful.
PERJURY
is an act of deception that is not usually seen as immoral because it takes place in the context of a game where this kind of deception is consented to in advance by the players.
BLUFFING
is one where there isn’t an outright lie, but still has the purpose of making someone believe in an untruth.
MISLEADING
-Sarcasm can be an example.
JOCOSE LIE
- Are lies that are meant in jest and are usually understood as such by all present parties.
JOCOSE LIE
- Are lies that are meant in jest and are usually understood as such by all present parties.
JOCOSE LIE
- Advertisements often contain statements that are not credible, such as “we are always happy to give a refund.”
PROMOTION LIES
- It is alleged that some belief systems may find lying to be justified.
BELIEF SYSTEMS
- This is common to communist countries.
RED LIE
-This lie is used to destroy other ideologies by means of propaganda.
RED LIE
communist countries ARE
CHINA, NORTH KOREA, RUSSIA
- A chronic lie purely used to mislead justice, a pure dishonesty to obstruct justice.
MALICIOUS LIE
– It is lying to oneself.
BAD FAITH
-Specifically, it is failing to acknowledge one’s own ability to act and determine one’s possibilities, falling back on the determinations of the various historical and current totals which have produced one as if they relieved one of one’s freedom to do so.
BAD FAITH
– It attempts to trick the victim into believing something major which will likely be contradicted by some information the victim already possesses, or by their common sense.
BIG LIE
– It attempts to trick the victim into believing something major which will likely be contradicted by some information the victim already possesses, or by their common sense.
BIG LIE
– It does not necessarily have to complete fabrication
BULLSHIT
with only basic knowledge about a topic, bullshit is often used to make the audience believe that one knows far more about the topic by feigning total certainty or making probable predictions.
BULLSHIT
– It describes small or innate lies which are usually sent electronically and are used to terminate conversations or to save face.
BUTLER LIE
-It may also merely be “filler” or nonsense that, by virtue of its style or wording, gives the impression that it actually means something.
BULLSHIT
-The statement might be partly true, the statement may be totally true but only part of the whole truth, or it may utilize some deceptive element, such as improper punctuation, or double meaning, especially if the intent is to deceive, evade, blame or misrepresent the truth.
HALF-TRUTH
– It describes small or innate lies which are usually sent electronically and are used to terminate conversations or to save face.
BUTLER LIE
– It is deceptive statement that includes some element of truth.
HALF-TRUTH
– It is volume of false or irrelevant information, possibly containing a true fact (the needle in the “haystack”).
HAYSTACK ANSWER
- Even if the truth is included, it is difficult or impossible to detect and identify.
HAYSTACK ANSWER
– It is characterized by verbal statements or actions that inaccurately describe history, background and present situations.
HONEST LIE OR CONFABULATION
-There is typically no intent to deceive and the individual is unaware that their information is false.
HONEST LIE OR CONFABULATION
– This is when one lies face-to-face with the intended recipient.
LYING THROUGH YOUR TEETH
-This also may be an expression describing the act of lying with a smile or other patronizing tone or body language.
LYING THROUGH YOUR TEETH
– It is a lie that a politeness standard requires, and which is usually known to be untrue by both parties.
POLITE LIE
-Whether such lies are acceptable is heavily dependent on culture.
POLITE LIE
-A common lie in international etiquette is to decline invitations because of “scheduling difficulties”.
POLITE LIE
– It is an exaggerated claim typically found in advertising and publicity announcements, such as “the highest quality at the lowest price”, or “Noynoy para sa tuwid na daan”.
PUFFERY
– It refers to journalism and analysis that misinform the audience by creating the impression that opposing parties to an issue have equal correctness and validity, even when the truth of their claims are mutually exclusive.
VIEW FROM NOWHERE
- Lies in religious teaching, lies that harm others and help no one, Lies that harm others and help someone, Lies told for the pleasure of lying, Lies told “please others in smooth discourse”, Lies that harm no one and that help someone, lies that harm no one and that save someone’s life, lies that harm no one and that save someone’s purity.
AUGUSTINE’S TAXONOMY OF LIES
SIGNS OF LYING
- VERBAL CLUES
- NON-VERBAL CLUES
VERBAL CLUES ARE
A. METHODS OF RESPONDING TO THE QUESTION
B. LENGTH OF TIME BEFORE GIVING RESPONSE
C. REPETITION OF QUESTIONS
D. FRAGMENTED OR INCOMPLETE SENTENCES
E. BEING OVERLY POLITE
F. OATHS
G. CLARITY OF RESPONSE
H. USE OF WORDS
I. ASSERTIVENESS
J. INCONSISTENCES
K. SLIP OF THE TONGUE
L. PAUSES
M. SPEED OF SPEECH
N. TIRADES
– in general truthful people tend to be DIRECT; untruthful tend to be CAUTIOUS about their answer.
METHODS OF RESPONDING TO THE QUESTION
– In general, truthful persons answer questions IMMEDIATELY after the question is asked; untruthful persons TAKE THEIR TIME in giving a response
LENGTH OF TIME BEFORE GIVING RESPONSE
– The question may be repeated word for word, or the respondent may frame the answer with a request to repeat the question.
REPETITION OF QUESTIONS
– Untruthful person often speak in disjointed or curtailed sentences.
FRAGMENTED OR INCOMPLETE SENTENCES
-Statement such as I……Think ……. It seems to me……… if I recall correctly…….
FRAGMENTED OR INCOMPLETE SENTENCES
– The Suspect Who Has Been Accused and Is Lying Will Often Say, sir, ma’am, boss or chief.
BEING OVERLY POLITE
– lying persons will frequently utter oaths, such as “I swear to God I didn’t do it” or “I swear on my Father grave”.
OATHS
– honest people tend be VERY CLEAR in their answers, while untruthful persons tend to speak SOFTLY AND BROADEN THEIR ANSWERS.
CLARITY OF RESPONSE
– As General Rule, Truthful subjects have NO TROUBLE DENYING the allegation is precise terms, while untruthful one will HAVE PROBLEMS with the use of words.
USE OF WORDS
– CONTRADICTING TESTIMONIES made by WITNESS are one of the best indications of dishonesty; liars get caught up in their OWN WEB of deceit.
INCONSISTENCES
– Truthful persons are CONFIDENT about their innocence, and deceitful ones are NOT CONFIDENT unless they are practiced liars.
ASSERTIVENESS
– Liars, as “FREUD” discovered, quite often slip up and divulge them through a
. SLIP OF THE TONGUE
SLIP OF THE TONGUE is discovered by
freud
Pauses was defined by
ekman
he says gap in speech patterns may be one reliable clue to deception.
“EKMAN”
gap in speech patterns may be one reliable clue to deception.
PAUSES
– Persons who are tense or upset frequently increase the swiftness of their speech, words tend to run together and the conversation can be fragmented.
SPEED OF SPEECH
– a long and angry speech.
TIRADES
–are often performed deliberately, these are expressions made with the body, whose meanings are clearly understood.
EMBLEMS
– These are usual of touching one’s self.
MANIPULATORS
NON-VERBAL CLUES are
A. EMBLEMS
B. MANIPULATORS
C. BREATHING
D. SWEATING
E. FREQUENT SWALLOWING
F. FACIAL MUSCLES
G. EYES
H. FACE
-An increase in breathing rate or volume may be a sign of deception.
BREATHING
– These are usual of touching one’s self.
MANIPULATORS
– Many persons, under prolonged periods of stress, hyperventilate.
BREATHING
– This is another uncontrollable body function.
SWEATING
– A dry mouth frequently accompanies deep emotion.
FREQUENT SWALLOWING
-Perspiration occurs with heat as well as with emotion.
SWEATING
– Other muscles are not easy to control but people can control certain facial muscles with spirit.
FACIAL MUSCLES
most likely express as much emotion as any other part of the anatomy
EYES
-Blinking, Pupil dilation, and tears are some of the signs indicative of emotion in the
EYES
is the mirror of our soul
EYES
– People believe that lies will commonly show up in the
FACE AND EYES.
-REDDENING OR BLUSHING OF THE ___ is supposed to be a sign of embarrassment and cannot be controlled.
FACE
is used to test or question individuals for the purpose of detecting deception or verifying truth of statements through a visual, permanent and simultaneous recording of a person’s cardiovascular and respiratory pattern as a minimum instrumentation requirement.
POLYGRAPH
