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Equipment Design > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

a complex phenomena that may involve one or more forms

A

corrosion

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2
Q

corrosion of metals, confined to the metal surface but sometimes along grain boundaries

A

chemical or electrical corrosion

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3
Q

is the deterioration of plastics and other nonmetals resulting in swelling, crazing, cracking, softening, and/or decomposition

A

physiochemical corrosion

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4
Q

initiated by galvanic action

A

corrosive action

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5
Q

an electrical potential can be set operating between two series of various metals

A

galvanic corrosion

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6
Q

corrosion rate of most metals is affected by __

A

pH

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7
Q

they are powerful accelerators of corrosion

A

oxidizing agents

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8
Q

____ tend to increase with rising temperature

alos thend to increased with an increase in the volume

A

rate of corrosion

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9
Q

involves gray cast iron in which the metals converted to graphite’s mixed with iron corrosion products.

A

graphitic corrosion

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10
Q

corrosion of brass alloy containing Zn in which the principal product of corrosion is metallic copper

A

dezincification

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11
Q

metabolic activity of microorganisms can either directly or indirectly cause deterioration of a metal by corrosion processes

A

biological corrosion

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12
Q

___ activity in the fluid can produce corrosive environment

A

biological activity

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13
Q

Microorganisms associated with corrosion are either

*___ - thrive in the presence of oxygen
*___ - thrive in the absence of oxygen

A

aerobic, anaerobic

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14
Q

how to combat corrosion

  • change in the ___ environment
  • use of an ___
  • ___ protection
  • ___ of corrosive metals
  • use of ___ material in the design
A

*operating
*inhibitor
*cathodic/anodic
*substitution
*permissible

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15
Q

2 general classification of metals

A

metals and nonmetals

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16
Q

AISI

A

American Iron and Steel Institute

17
Q

what is the most commonly used material for chemical process industries

A

ferrous metals/alloy carbon steel

18
Q

this material contains one or more alloying components to improve the its chemical and corrosive resistance

A

low-alloy steel

19
Q

increases toughness and improves low temperature properties and corrosion resistance

A

nickel

20
Q

improves hardness/abrasion resistance, corrosion resistance to oxidation

A

chromium and silicon

21
Q

_ provides added strength for higher temperature operation

A

MOLYBDENUM

22
Q

contain 12-20% Chromium with controlled amount of Carbon and other alloys.

A

Martensic alloys

23
Q

SS contain 15-30% Chromium with 0.1% or less Carbon content

A

Ferritic

24
Q

_ SS most corrosive resistant among the 3, contain 16-26%Chromium and 6-22% nickel

A

Austinistic

25
Q

exhibits high corrosion resistance to most alkaline

A

nickel

26
Q

_ used extensively for equipment in caustic soda producing alkaline production

A

Nickel clad Steel

27
Q

67% nickel and 30% copper; used in food industries

A

monel

28
Q

77% nickel and 15% chromium

A

inconel

29
Q
  • Light and easy to fabricate
  • Resists attacks by acid because of surface film
  • Lower corrosion resistance than pure metal
  • Metallic Mercury, heavy metals ions or chloride ions can cause rapid failure
A

aluminum and its alloys

30
Q

Metallic Mercury, heavy metals ions or chloride ions can cause ___

A

rapid failure

31
Q
  • Relatively inexpensive
  • Possesses fair mechanical strength
  • Can be fabricated easily into different shapes
  • Readily susceptible to oxidation
  • Resistant to atmospheric, moisture, oxygen because a protective coating Of copper oxide is found on the surface.
A

copper and its alloys

32
Q
  • has low creep and fatigue resistance
  • good resistance to sulphuric and phosphoric acid
A

lead and alloys

33
Q
  • physical properties similar to mild steel with the exception of its melting point (2996 deg C)
  • Highly strong with with medium weight educing medium
  • Corrosion resistance is superior in oxidizing and acid E
  • Excellent resistant to seawater
  • Resistant to nitric acid except with fuming nitric
  • Resistant to ferric chloride and other hot chlorides
A

Tantalum

34
Q
  • Has excellent resistance to reducing environment
  • Oxidizing agent caused accelerated attack
  • Resists all chlorides except ferric and cupric
  • Damaged by sulphuric acid above 70%
A

zirconium

35
Q

include glass, stoneware, brick, cement

have low structural strength

A

inorganic nonmetals

36
Q

limited to relatively moderate temperature and pressure such as plastics, rubber, wood, carbon

A

organic nonmetals

37
Q

account for a large fraction of the purchased cost of equipment

A

fabrication expenses

Equipment Design (5 decks)

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