Chapter 2

Question 1

• is the program that, after being initially
  loaded into the computer by a boot program,
  manages all of the other application programs in a computer.

Answer 1

Operating Systems

Question 2

• Provides a cohesive and organized environment where hardware and software interact
• Referred to as an intermediary between computer and user

Answer 2

Operating Systems

Question 3

Examples of OS:

Answer 3

Windows, MacOS, Chrome OS, ubuntu, FreeBSD, Blackberry, IOS, Symbian OS, Android, Unix

Question 4

Computer System Structure

Answer 4

1. computer hardware
2. operating system
3. application programs
4. users

Question 5

provides basic computing resources CPU, memory, IO

Answer 5

1. Computer hardware –

Question 6

– controls and coordinates use of hardware among various applications and users.

Answer 6

2. Operating system

Question 7

is a fundamental component in the computer system structure. It acts as an essential bridge between hardware and software providing a platform for user interaction, resource management, security, and software compatibility. It ensures that the computer functions smoothly, efficiently, and securely making it an indispensable part of modern computing.

Answer 7

The operating system

Question 8

is a central and essential component in the computer system structure. The entire system is designed to serve user’s needs providing a platform for interaction customization and task execution.

Answer 8

4. User -

Question 9

– define the ways in which the system resources are used to solve the computing problems of the users. Are a vital component of the computer system structure providing users with tools to accomplish specific task and functions they rely on the underlying operating system for resource management and access to hardware offering a wide array of functionalities and user interfaces. These programs enhance the utility and versatility of computer systems catering to the diverse needs and preferences of users.

Answer 9

Application programs

Question 10

introduce the first operating system to manage and control early computer systems often referred to as bare metal system.

Answer 10

1950s

Question 11

The LEO (Lyons Electronic Office) was the commercial development of EDSAC computing platform supported by british form firm

Answer 11

1951

Question 12

Development of batch process systems, allowing for the execution of multiple jobs without manual intervention

Answer 12

1960s

Question 13

emergence of time sharing operating systems enabling multiple users to interact with the computer simultaneously.

Answer 13

1970s

Question 14

rise of personal computing with the development of desktop operating system like MS-DOS and the original Macintosh OS

Answer 14

1980s -

Question 15

apple releases the macintosh, featuring a graphical user interface (GUI), setting the stage for user-friendly operating systems.

Answer 15

1984 –

Question 16

Proliferation of windows-based systems, such as windows 3.1 and windows 95, and the release of linux as an open source OS

Answer 16

1990s –

Question 17

Growth of server operating systems, like windows server and various linux distributions, to support networked computing.

Answer 17

2000s –

Question 18

Introduction of the first iPhone wis IOS, marketing the start of the mobile operating system era.

Answer 18

2007 –

Question 19

the rise of cloud computing brings forth cloud-based operating systems and services.

Answer 19

2010s –

Question 20

Functions of operating system

Answer 20

Processor management – An operating system manages the processor’s work by allocating various jobs to it and ensuring that each receives process enough time from the function processor to properly
Memory management – An operating system manages the allocation and deallocation of the memory to various processes and that ensures the other process does not consume the memory allocated to one process.
Security - The operating system provides various techniques which assure the integrity and confidentiality of user data.
File management - An operating system keeps track information of regarding the creation, deletion, transfer, copy, and storage of files in an organized way. It also maintains the integrity of the data stored in these files, including the file directory structure, by protecting against unauthorized access.
Error detection - From time to time, the operating system checks the system for any external threat or malicious software activity. It also checks the hardware for any type of damage. This process displays several alerts to the user SO that the appropriate action can be taken against any damage caused to the system.
device management - There are various input and output devices. An OS controls the working of these input- output devices. It receives the requests from these devices, performs a specific task, and communicates back to the requesting process
job scheduling - In a multitasking OS where multiple programs run simultaneously, the operating system determines which applications should run in which order and how time should be allocated to each application.

Question 21

An operating system manages the processor’s work by allocating various jobs to it and ensuring that each receives process enough time from the function processor to properly

Answer 21

Processor management –

Question 22

An operating system manages the allocation and deallocation of the memory to various processes and that ensures the other process does not consume the memory allocated to one process.

Answer 22

Memory management –

Question 23

The operating system provides various techniques which assure the integrity and confidentiality of user data.

Answer 23

Security -

Question 24

An operating system keeps track information of regarding the creation, deletion, transfer, copy, and storage of files in an organized way. It also maintains the integrity of the data stored in these files, including the file directory structure, by protecting against unauthorized access.

Answer 24

File management -

Question 25

From time to time, the operating system checks the system for any external threat or malicious software activity. It also checks the hardware for any type of damage. This process displays several alerts to the user SO that the appropriate action can be taken against any damage caused to the system.

Answer 25

Error detection -

Question 26

There are various input and output devices. An OS controls the working of these input- output devices. It receives the requests from these devices, performs a specific task, and communicates back to the requesting process

Answer 26

device management -

Question 27

In a multitasking OS where multiple programs run simultaneously, the operating system determines which applications should run in which order and how time should be allocated to each application.

Answer 27

job scheduling -

Question 28

make use of the operating system by making requests for services through a defined application program interface (API).

Answer 28

The application programs