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Normal Language Development > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Define phonological development

A

Acquiring the rules of language that govern the sound structure of syllables and words

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2
Q

What are minimal pairs?

A

Words that differ by only one phoneme

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3
Q

What are phonotactic rules?

A

The rules that specify the order of sounds in syllables and words and the places where certain phonemes can and cannot occur

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4
Q

How do infants segment words as they learn them?

A

They use phonotactic and prosodic cues

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5
Q

Do vowels or consonants develop first?

A

Vowels

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6
Q

Phonological knowledge and production allow for intelligible speech by age…?

A

3-4

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7
Q

What is phonological awareness?

A

The ability to attend to phonological units of speech

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8
Q

What is functional load?

A

The importance of a phoneme in the phonemic inventory of the language

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9
Q

What is the first grammatical morpheme developed, and at what age?

A

The progressive “-ing” at age 2

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10
Q

AAE

A

African American English

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11
Q

GAE

A

General American English

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12
Q

What is a hallmark feature of SLI?

A

Difficulty with grammatical morphology… children with SLI use “-ing” with only 25% accuracy

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13
Q

What is very important in estimating syntactic development?

A

Mean length of utterance (MLU)

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14
Q

What are the three sentence modalities?

A

Declarative, negative, and interogative

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15
Q

By what age should children have mastered declarative sentences?

A

3 years old

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16
Q

By what age should children have mastered negative sentences?

A

4 years old

17
Q

By what age should children have mastered interrogative sentences?

A

Preschool age

18
Q

What is a phrase?

A

A cluster of words organized around a head

19
Q

What is a clause?

A

A syntactic structure containing a verb or verb phrase

20
Q

What is child-directed speech?

A

Talk directed at children by others

21
Q

What is receptive lexicon?

A

The volume of words a person understands

22
Q

What is expressive lexicon?

A

The volume of words a person uses

23
Q

What are the five semantic categories?

A

Specific nominals (poodle), general nominals (dog), action words, modifiers, and personal-social words

24
Q

Define lead-in

A

An adult labels an object or event outside of the child’s attentional focus

25
Q

Define follow-in

A

An adult labels an object or event that is the child’s current focus or attention

26
Q

Ostensive word-learning contexts provide…?

A

Lots of contextual information about a new word

27
Q

Nonostensive word-learning contexts provide…?

A

Little information to help derive the meaning of a new word

28
Q

Activation of specific entries spreads across the network according to connection strength

A

Spreading activation

29
Q

How does socioeconomic status affect language development?

A

Exposure to fewer words

30
Q

What are the three important aspects of pragmatic development?

A

Using language for different communication functions, developing conversational skills, and gaining sensitivity to extralinguistic cues

31
Q

What is the intentionality hypothesis?

A

That children’s experiences using language to engage with other people fosters their development of form and content

32
Q

The building blocks of cognition

A

Schema: internal representations of the organizational structures of events

33
Q

What is register?

A

The stylistic variations in language that occur in different situational contexts (home vs work)

34
Q

Children who can readily switch between dialects have…?

A

Heightened phonological awareness

35
Q
A
36
Q

What is joint attention?

A

When two people pay attention to the same thing

37
Q

What are the different communication functions?

A

Instrumental: asking for something
Regulatory: giving directions
Interactional: interacting socially
Personal: expressing state of mind or feelings
Heuristic: inquiring and finding out information
Imaginative: telling stories and role-playing
Informative: giving organized descriptions

38
Q
A

Normal Language Development (10 decks)

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