CHAPTER 2

Question 1

• Measures of Central Tendency
• Shapes of Distribution

Answer 1

Descriptive statistics

Question 2

• Tell researchers where the center value (single value) lies in the distribution of data
• Most typical or most representative value of a given set of data

Answer 2

1. Measures of CENTRAL TENDENCY

Question 3

This is the average

Answer 3

MEAN

Question 4

This is The number or average of the numbers in the middle

Answer 4

MEDIAN

Question 5

This is The most frequently occurring value

Answer 5

MODE

Question 6

It is the average of a set of data. To calculate this, find the sum of the data and then divide by the number of data.

Answer 6

Mean

Question 7

It is the middle number in a set of data when the data is arranged in numerical order.

Answer 7

Median

Question 8

The ____ is the number that occurs the most.

Answer 8

Mode

Question 9

it is an average in which each observation in the data set is assigned or multiplied by a weight before summing to a single average value.

Answer 9

WEIGHTED MEAN

Question 10

The participants’ scores on the Statistics test were analyzed. On average, participants scored (M = 78.56, SD= 10.34) indicating a moderate level of performance. This suggests a reasonable distribution of scores, with most participants scoring close to the mean.

Answer 10

Reporting the Mean in Research Articles (APA FORMAT)

Question 11

It is score with an extreme ( very high or very low ) in relation to the other scores in the distribution

Answer 11

Outliers

Question 12

it is a SHAPES OF A FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION where Frequency distribution with one value clearly having a larger frequency than any other.

Answer 12

Unimodal Distribution

Question 13

it is a SHAPES OF A FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION where Frequency distribution with two approximately equal frequencies, each clearly larger than the others

Answer 13

Bimodal Distribution

Question 14

it is a SHAPES OF A FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION where Frequency distribution with more than two high frequencies separated by a lower frequency.

Answer 14

Multimodal Distribution

Question 15

it is a SHAPES OF A FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION where
Frequency distribution in which all values have approximately the same frequency
* No mode

Answer 15

Rectangular Distribution

Question 16

it is a SHAPES OF A FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION where Distribution in which the pattern of frequencies on the left and right side are mirror images of each other
* Bell shaped
* Normal distribution

Answer 16

Symmetrical Distribution

Question 17

A Distribution in which the scores pile up on one side of the middle and are spread out on the other side. Distribution that is not symmetrical ( asymmetrical)

Answer 17

SKEWED DISTRIBUTION

Question 18

A type of skewed distribution where
The peak (highest frequency) in the distributionis on the left hand side with tail tapering off the right

Answer 18

Positively Skewed Distribution

Question 19

In skewed distribution it is a situation in which many scores or values pile up at the low end of a distribution( creating a skewness to the right) For example a test is difficult, students may get low scores, near zero, creating floor effect
Mean >Mdn>Mode

Answer 19

Floor effect

Question 20

A type of skewed distribution where The peak (highest frequency ) in the distribution is on the right hand side with the tail tapering off the left
Ceiling effect – situation in which many scores pile up at the high end of a distribution ( creating a skewness to the left ) because it is not possible to have a higher score.
Mean<Median<Mode

Answer 20

Negatively Skewed Distribution

Question 21

a type of curve Specific, mathematically defined, bell shaped frequency distribution that is symmetrical and unimodal
* Distribution observed in nature and in research commonly approximates it

Answer 21

NORMAL CURVE

Question 22

Extent to which a frequency distribution deviates from a normal curve in terms of whether its curve in the middle is more peaked or flat than the normal curve.

Answer 22

KURTOSIS

Question 23

TYPES OF KURTOSIS

Answer 23

• Leptokurtic
• Mesokurtic
• Platykurtic

Question 24

scores are concentrated towards the mean ( Positive Kurtosis)

Answer 24

Leptokurtic-

Question 25

A type of kurtosis where it is a normal curve

Answer 25

* Mesokurtic

Question 26

A type of kurtosis where the scores have an extremely large deviation from the mean (Negative Kurtosis)

Answer 26

Platykurtic