Chapter 2

Question 1

phrenology

Answer 1

studying bumps on the skull) was a popular tool for determining a person’s mental abilities and character traits
led to…

Question 2

localization of function

Answer 2

the idea that various brain regions have particular functions
from phrenology

Question 3

Neurons

Answer 3

neural cells specially designed to share information electrochemically with other neurons
○ Throughout life, new neurons are born and unused neurons wither away

Question 4

Cell body

Answer 4

the cell’s nucleus and life-support center; AKA Soma (body)

Question 5

Dendrites

Answer 5

fibers that receive and integrate information, conducting it toward the cell body (mouth)

Question 6

Axon

Answer 6

the cell’s single lengthy fiber that passes messages through its branches to other neurons (pooper)

Question 7

myelin (myelin sheath)

Answer 7

Much as home electrical wire is insulated, a segmented layer of fatty tissue called insulates the axons of some neurons and helps speed their impulses
i. As myelin is laid down up to about age 25, neural efficiency, judgment, and self-control increases
ii. If the myelin sheath degenerates, multiple sclerosis results - meaning communication to muscles slows, with eventual loss of muscle control

Question 8

multiple sclerosi

Answer 8

If the myelin sheath degenerates, meaning communication to muscles slows, with eventual loss of muscle control

Question 9

glial cells

Answer 9

Supporting these billions of nerve cells are (like worker bees)