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General Chemistry > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

actinide

A

inner transition metal in the bottom of the bottom two rows of the periodic table

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2
Q

alkali metal

A

element in group 1

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3
Q

alkaline earth metal

A

element in group 2

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4
Q

alpha particle

A

positively charged particle consisting of two protons and two neutrons

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5
Q

anion

A

negatively charged atom or molecule (contains more electrons than protons)

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6
Q

atomic mass

A

average mass of atoms of an element

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7
Q

atomic mass unit (amu)

A

(also, unified mass unit, u, or Dalton, Da) unit of mass equal to 1/12 of the mass of a carbon-12 atom

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8
Q

atomic number (Z)

A

number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

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9
Q

binary acid

A

compound that contains hydrogen and one other element, bonded in a way that imparts acidic properties to the compound (ability to release H+ ions when dissolved in water)

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10
Q

binary compound

A

compound containing two different elements

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11
Q

cation

A

positively charged atom or molecule (contains fewer electrons than protons)

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12
Q

chalcogen

A

element in group 16

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13
Q

chemical symbol

A

one, two, or three letter abbreviation used to represent an element or its atoms

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14
Q

covalent bond

A

attractive force between the nuclei of a molecule’s atoms and pairs of electrons between the atoms

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15
Q

covalent compound

A

(also, molecular compound) composed of molecules formed by atoms of two or more different elements

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16
Q

Dalton (Da)

A

alternative unit equivalent to the atomic mass unit

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17
Q

Dalton’s atomic theory

A

set of postulates that established the fundamental properties of atoms

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18
Q

electron

A

negatively charged, subatomic particle of relatively low mass located outside the nucleus

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19
Q

empirical formula

A

formula showing the composition of a compound given as the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms

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20
Q

fundamental unit of charge

A

(also called the elementary charge) equals the magnitude of the charge of an electron (e) with e = 1.602 * 10^-19 C

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21
Q

group

A

vertical column of the periodic table

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22
Q

halogen

A

element in group 17

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23
Q

hydrate

A

compound containing one or more water molecules bound within its crystals

24
Q

inert gas

A

(also, noble gas) element in group 18

25
Q

inner transition metal

A

(also, lanthanide or actinide) element in the bottom two rows; if in the first row, also called lanthanide, or if in the second row, also called actinide

26
Q

ion

A

electrically charged atom or molecule (contains unequal numbers of protons and electrons)

27
Q

ionic bond

A

electrostatic forces of attraction between the oppositely charged ions of an ionic compound

28
Q

ionic compound

A

compound composed of cations and anions combined in ratios, yielding an electrically neutral substance

29
Q

isomers

A

compounds with the same chemical formula but different structures

30
Q

isotopes

A

atoms that contain the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

31
Q

lanthanide

A

inner transition metal in the top of the bottom two rows of the periodic table

32
Q

law of constant composition

A

(also, law of definite proportions) all samples of a pure compound contain the same elements in the same proportions by mass

33
Q

law of multiple proportions

A

when two elements react to form more than one compound, a fixed mass of one element will react with masses of the other element in a ratio of small whole numbers

34
Q

main-group element

A

(also, representative element) element in groups 1, 2, and 13-18

35
Q

mass number (A)

A

sum of the numbers of neutrons and protons in the nucleus of an atom

36
Q

metal

A

element that is shiny, malleable, good conductor of heat and electricity

37
Q

metalloid

A

element that conducts heat and electricity moderately well, and possesses some properties of metals and some properties of nonmetals

38
Q

molecular formula

A

formula indicating the composition of a molecule of a compound and giving the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule of the compound

39
Q

monoatomic ion

A

ion composed of a single atom

40
Q

neutron

A

uncharged, subatomic particle located in the nucleus

41
Q

nomenclature

A

system of rules for naming objects of interest

42
Q

nonmetal

A

element that appears dull, poor conductor of heat and electricity

43
Q

nucleus

A

massive, positively charged center of an atom made up of protons and neutrons

44
Q

oxyacid

A

compound that contains hydrogen, oxygen, and one other element, bonded in a way that imparts acidic properties to the compound (ability to release H+ ions when dissolved in water)

45
Q

oxyanion

A

polyatomic anion composed of a central atom bonded to oxygen atoms

46
Q

period

A

(also, series) horizontal row of the periodic table

47
Q

periodic law

A

properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers

48
Q

periodic table

A

table of the elements that places elements with similar chemical properties close together

49
Q

pnictogen

A

element in group 15

50
Q

polyatomic ion

A

ion composed of more than one atom

51
Q

proton

A

positively charged, subatomic particle located in the nucleus

52
Q

spatial isomers

A

compounds in which the relative orientations of the atoms in space differ

53
Q

structural formula

A

shows the atoms in a molecule and how they are connected

54
Q

structural isomer

A

one of two substances that have the same molecular formula but different physical and chemical properties because their atoms are bonded differently

55
Q

transition metal

A

element in groups 3-12

56
Q

unified atomic mass unit (u)

A

alternative unit equivalent to the atomic mass unit

General Chemistry (8 decks)

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