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General Chemistry > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

accuracy

A

how closely a measurement aligns with a correct value

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2
Q

atom

A

smallest particle of an element that can enter into a chemical combination

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3
Q

Celsius (°C)

A

unit of temperature; water freezes at 0°C and boils at 100°C on this scale

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4
Q

chemical change

A

change producing a different kind of matter from the original kind of matter

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5
Q

chemical property

A

behavior that is related to the change of one kind of matter into another kind of matter

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6
Q

chemistry

A

study of the composition, properties, and interactions of matter

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7
Q

compound

A

pure substance that can be decomposed into two or more elements

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8
Q

cubic centimeter (cm^3)

A

volume of a cube with an edge length of exactly 1 cm

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9
Q

cubic meter (m^3)

A

SI unit of volume

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10
Q

density

A

ratio of mass to volume for a substance or object

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11
Q

dimensional analysis

A

versatile mathematical approach that can be applied to computations ranging from simple unit conversions to more complex, multi-step calculations involving several different quantities

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12
Q

element

A

substance that is composed of a single type of atom; cannot be decomposed by a chemical change

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13
Q

exact number

A

number derived by counting or by definition

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14
Q

extensive property

A

property of a substance that depends on the amount of the substance

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15
Q

Fahrenheit (°F)

A

unit of temperature; water freezes at 32°F and boils at 212°F on this scale

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16
Q

gas

A

state in which matter has neither definite volume nor shape

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17
Q

heterogeneous mixture

A

combination of substances with a composition that varies from point to point

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18
Q

homogeneous mixture

A

(also, solution) combination of substances with a composition that is uniform throughout

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19
Q

hypothesis

A

tentative explanation of observations that acts as a guide for gathering and checking information

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20
Q

intensive property

A

property of a substance that is independent of the amount of the substance

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21
Q

kelvin (K)

A

SI unit of temperature; 273.15 K = 0°C

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22
Q

law

A

statement that summarizes a vast number of experimental observations, and describes or predicts some aspect of the natural world

23
Q

kilogram (kg)

A

standard SI unit of mass

24
Q

law of conservation of matter

A

when matter converts from one type to another or changes form, there is no detectable change in the total amount of matter present

25
Q

length

A

measure of one dimension of an object

26
Q

liquid

A

state of matter that has a definite volume but indefinite shape

27
Q

liter (L)

A

(also, cubic decimeter) unit of volume; 1 L = 1,000 cm^3

28
Q

macroscopic domain

A

realm of everyday things that are large enough to sense directly by human sight and touch

29
Q

mass

A

fundamental property indicating amount of matter

30
Q

matter

A

anything that occupies space and has mass

31
Q

meter (m)

A

standard metric and SI unit of length; 1 m = approximately 1.094 yards

32
Q

microscopic domain

A

realm of things that are much too small to be sensed directly

33
Q

milliliter (mL)

A

1/1,000 of a liter; equal to 1 cm^3

34
Q

mixture

A

matter that can be separated into its components by physical means

35
Q

molecule

A

bonded collection of two or more atoms of the same or different elements

36
Q

physical change

A

change in the state or properties of matter that does not involve a change in its chemical composition

37
Q

physical property

A

characteristic of matter that is not associated with any change in its chemical composition

38
Q

plasma

A

gaseous state of matter containing a large number of electrically charged atoms and/or molecules

39
Q

precision

A

how closely a measurement matches the same measurement when repeated

40
Q

pure substance

A

homogeneous substance that has a constant composition

41
Q

rounding

A

procedure used to ensure that calculated results properly reflect the uncertainty in the measurements used in the calculation

42
Q

scientific method

A

path of discovery that leads from question and observation to law or hypothesis to theory, combined with experimental verification of the hypothesis and any necessary modification of the theory

43
Q

second (s)

A

SI unit of time

44
Q

SI units (International System of Units)

A

standards fixed by international agreement in the International System of Units

45
Q

significant figures

A

all of the measured digits in a determination, including the uncertain last digit

46
Q

solid

A

state of matter that is rigid, has a definite shape, and has a fairly constant volume

47
Q

symbolic domain

A

specialized language used to represent components of the macroscopic and microscopic domains, such as chemical symbols, chemical formulas, chemical equations, graphs, drawings, and calculations

48
Q

temperature

A

intensive property representing the hotness or coldness of matter

49
Q

theory

A

well-substantiated, comprehensive, testable explanation of a particular aspect of nature

50
Q

uncertainty

A

estimate of amount by which measurement differs from true value

51
Q

unit

A

standard of comparison for measurements

52
Q

unit conversion factor

A

ratio of equivalent quantities expressed with different units; used to convert from one unit to a different unit

53
Q

volume

A

amount of space occupied by an object

54
Q

weight

A

force that gravity exerts on an object

General Chemistry (5 decks)

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