Chapter 1

Question 1

accuracy

Answer 1

how closely a measurement aligns with a correct value

Question 2

atom

Answer 2

smallest particle of an element that can enter into a chemical combination

Question 3

Celsius (°C)

Answer 3

unit of temperature; water freezes at 0°C and boils at 100°C on this scale

Question 4

chemical change

Answer 4

change producing a different kind of matter from the original kind of matter

Question 5

chemical property

Answer 5

behavior that is related to the change of one kind of matter into another kind of matter

Question 6

chemistry

Answer 6

study of the composition, properties, and interactions of matter

Question 7

compound

Answer 7

pure substance that can be decomposed into two or more elements

Question 8

cubic centimeter (cm^3)

Answer 8

volume of a cube with an edge length of exactly 1 cm

Question 9

cubic meter (m^3)

Answer 9

SI unit of volume

Question 10

density

Answer 10

ratio of mass to volume for a substance or object

Question 11

dimensional analysis

Answer 11

versatile mathematical approach that can be applied to computations ranging from simple unit conversions to more complex, multi-step calculations involving several different quantities

Question 12

element

Answer 12

substance that is composed of a single type of atom; cannot be decomposed by a chemical change

Question 13

exact number

Answer 13

number derived by counting or by definition

Question 14

extensive property

Answer 14

property of a substance that depends on the amount of the substance

Question 15

Fahrenheit (°F)

Answer 15

unit of temperature; water freezes at 32°F and boils at 212°F on this scale

Question 16

gas

Answer 16

state in which matter has neither definite volume nor shape

Question 17

heterogeneous mixture

Answer 17

combination of substances with a composition that varies from point to point

Question 18

homogeneous mixture

Answer 18

(also, solution) combination of substances with a composition that is uniform throughout

Question 19

hypothesis

Answer 19

tentative explanation of observations that acts as a guide for gathering and checking information

Question 20

intensive property

Answer 20

property of a substance that is independent of the amount of the substance

Question 21

kelvin (K)

Answer 21

SI unit of temperature; 273.15 K = 0°C

Question 22

law

Answer 22

statement that summarizes a vast number of experimental observations, and describes or predicts some aspect of the natural world

Question 23

kilogram (kg)

Answer 23

standard SI unit of mass

Question 24

law of conservation of matter

Answer 24

when matter converts from one type to another or changes form, there is no detectable change in the total amount of matter present

Question 25

length

Answer 25

measure of one dimension of an object

Question 26

liquid

Answer 26

state of matter that has a definite volume but indefinite shape

Question 27

liter (L)

Answer 27

(also, cubic decimeter) unit of volume; 1 L = 1,000 cm^3

Question 28

macroscopic domain

Answer 28

realm of everyday things that are large enough to sense directly by human sight and touch

Question 29

mass

Answer 29

fundamental property indicating amount of matter

Question 30

matter

Answer 30

anything that occupies space and has mass

Question 31

meter (m)

Answer 31

standard metric and SI unit of length; 1 m = approximately 1.094 yards

Question 32

microscopic domain

Answer 32

realm of things that are much too small to be sensed directly

Question 33

milliliter (mL)

Answer 33

1/1,000 of a liter; equal to 1 cm^3

Question 34

mixture

Answer 34

matter that can be separated into its components by physical means

Question 35

molecule

Answer 35

bonded collection of two or more atoms of the same or different elements

Question 36

physical change

Answer 36

change in the state or properties of matter that does not involve a change in its chemical composition

Question 37

physical property

Answer 37

characteristic of matter that is not associated with any change in its chemical composition

Question 38

plasma

Answer 38

gaseous state of matter containing a large number of electrically charged atoms and/or molecules

Question 39

precision

Answer 39

how closely a measurement matches the same measurement when repeated

Question 40

pure substance

Answer 40

homogeneous substance that has a constant composition

Question 41

rounding

Answer 41

procedure used to ensure that calculated results properly reflect the uncertainty in the measurements used in the calculation

Question 42

scientific method

Answer 42

path of discovery that leads from question and observation to law or hypothesis to theory, combined with experimental verification of the hypothesis and any necessary modification of the theory

Question 43

second (s)

Answer 43

SI unit of time

Question 44

SI units (International System of Units)

Answer 44

standards fixed by international agreement in the International System of Units

Question 45

significant figures

Answer 45

all of the measured digits in a determination, including the uncertain last digit

Question 46

solid

Answer 46

state of matter that is rigid, has a definite shape, and has a fairly constant volume

Question 47

symbolic domain

Answer 47

specialized language used to represent components of the macroscopic and microscopic domains, such as chemical symbols, chemical formulas, chemical equations, graphs, drawings, and calculations

Question 48

temperature

Answer 48

intensive property representing the hotness or coldness of matter

Question 49

theory

Answer 49

well-substantiated, comprehensive, testable explanation of a particular aspect of nature

Question 50

uncertainty

Answer 50

estimate of amount by which measurement differs from true value

Question 51

unit

Answer 51

standard of comparison for measurements

Question 52

unit conversion factor

Answer 52

ratio of equivalent quantities expressed with different units; used to convert from one unit to a different unit

Question 53

volume

Answer 53

amount of space occupied by an object

Question 54

weight

Answer 54

force that gravity exerts on an object