Chapter 2 Flashcards
Bicameral
or two-chamber, legislature called Parliament
Magna Carta
1215, where English nobles forced King John to sign _ or the “Great Charter”, one of the earliest English efforts towards limited goverment
Petition of Right
the document required monarchs to obtain Parliament’s approval before levying new taxes
English Bill of Rights
for the monarchs to sign, no longer would monarchs be able to enact laws, raise taxes, or keep an army without Parliament’s consent
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
a set of laws that limited the power of goverment and gave all free men the right to choose people to serve as judges
Proprietary Colony
was based on a grant of land be the English monarch to a proprietor, an individual or a group who financed the start of the colony
Royal Colonies
were directly controlled by the king through an appointed governor
Charter Colonies
operated under charters agreed to by the colony and the king
New England Confederation
their common purpose was to defend against threats from Native Americans and from nearby Dutch colonies
Iroquois Confederation
a powerful alliance of six Native American nations - the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca, and Tuscarora
Albany Plan of Union
the plan called for a council of representatives appointed by the colonial assemblies and a president general appointed by the king
Stamp Act
of 1765, Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly
First Continental Congress
in Philadephia in fall of 1774, the delegates sent George III a document know as the Declaration and Resolves, demanding a repeal of the Intolerable Acts, an end to British military occupation and and the power of colonies to impose their own tax laws
Second Continental Congress
met in Philadephia, organize the ragtag military around Boston into an official Continental Army, delegates made Washington commander
Virginia Declaration of Rights
which was inspired by John Locke’s view of the Social Contract Theory, written mostly by George Mason and proclaimed “all men are by nature equally free and indepentant and have certain inherent rights”
Articles of Confederation
the nation’s first constitution
Ratified
formally approved, by all the states
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
the ordinance established a plan for settling the Northwest Territory, which included areas that are now in Illinois, Indianam Michigan, Ohio, Minnesota and Wisconsin
Shay’s Rebellion
led by former Revolutionary War captain Daniel Shays, the farmers attacked courthouses to prevent judges from foreclosing farms
Framers
together, the delegates to the Constitiutional Convention
Virgina Plan
called for a central goverment divided into three branches - legislative, executive and judicial - each with the power to check the other branches
New Jersey Plan
called for a strong central government made up of three branches, proposed a unicameral legislature giving each state on vote
Great Compromise
combined elements from both the Virginia and the New Jersey Plan, made the House of Representatives and the Senate
Three-Fifths Compromise
it provided that three-fifths of the enslaved people in a state would be counted when determining the state’s population
Federalists
there were the supported of the Constitution, once called nationalist
Antifederalists
those who opposed the Constitution
Publius
Pen name for Hamilton, Madison, John Jay to write a total of 85 essays defending the Constitution
Federalist Papers
today the essays are collectively called _ and considered a classic statement of American political theory
Bill of Rights
states ratified 10 amendments to protect rights of freedom, speech, press, religion as well as due process protections, such as the right to fair trail and trail by jury
