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CCP Medical Terminology > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

anabolism

A

process of building up large proteins from small protein pieces called amino acids

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2
Q

ana-

A

up

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3
Q

bol

A

to cast

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4
Q

catabolism

A

process whereby complex nutrients are broken down to simpler substances and energy is released

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5
Q

cata-

A

down

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6
Q

cell membrane

A

structure surrounding and protecting the cell, it determines what enters and leaves the cell

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7
Q

chromosomes

A

rod-shaped structures in the nucleus that contain regions of DNA called genes. There are 46 chromosomes (23 pairs) in every cell except for the egg and sperm cells, which contain only 23 individual, unpaired chromosomes

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8
Q

cytoplasm

A

all of the material that us outside the nucleus and yet contained within the cell membrane

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9
Q

DNA

A

deoxyribonucleic acid; chemical found within each chromosome, arranged like a sequence of recipes in code, directs activities of the cell

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10
Q

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

A

network of canals within the cytoplasm of the cell, large proteins are made of smaller proteins (amino acids)

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11
Q

genes

A

regions of DNA within each chromosome

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12
Q

karyotype

A

picture (classification) of chromosomes in the nucleus of the cell, arranged in numeric order to determine number and structure

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13
Q

metabolism

A

total of chemical processes in a cell, includes canabolism and anabolism

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14
Q

meta-

A

change

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15
Q

mitochondria

A

rod-shaped structures in the cytoplasm that provide the principal source of energy for the cell

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16
Q

catabolism

A

process that occurs in mitochondria

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17
Q

nucleus

A

control center of the cell, contains chromosomes and directs the activities of the cell

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18
Q

ribosomes

A

small granules on the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell, they arrange amino acids on the ER to make proteins

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19
Q

rib/o

A

RNA

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20
Q

-somes

A

bodies

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21
Q

hist/o

A

tissue

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22
Q

digestive system

A

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

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23
Q

urinary/excretory system

A

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

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24
Q

respiratory system

A

nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, lungs

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25
reproductive system
female: ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands male: testes and associated tubes, urethra, penis, prostate gland
26
endocrine system
thyroid gland, pituitary gland, sex glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, parathyroid glands
27
nervous system
brain, spinal cord, nerves, and nerve bundles
28
circulatory system
heart, blood vessels, lymph vessels and nodes, spleen, thymus gland
29
musculoskeletal system
muscles, bones, joints
30
skin and sense organs
skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous (oil) glands, eyes, ears, nose, and tongue
31
adipose tissue
collection of fat cells
32
cartilage
flexible connective tissue often attached to bones and joints, compose parts or ears nose and rings of trachea
33
epithelial cells
skin cells that cover the outside of the body and line the internal surfaces of organs
34
histologist
specialist in the study of tissues
35
larynx
voice box (above trachea)
36
pharynx
throat
37
pituitary gland
endocrine gland at the base of the brain
38
thyroid gland
endocrine gland that surround trachea in the neck
39
trachea
windpipe
40
ureter
one of two tubes, each leading from a single kidney to the urinary bladder
41
urethra
tube from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body
42
uterus
womb; the organ that holds the embryo/fetus as it develops
43
viscera
internal organs in the main cavities of the body, especially in the abdomen
44
abdominal cavity
space below the chest containing organs such as the liver, stomach, gallbladder, and intestines; also called the abdomen or peritoneal cavity
45
cranial cavity
space in the head containing the brain surrounded by the skull
46
cranial
pertaining to the skull
47
diaphragm
muscle separating the the abdominal and thoracic cavities, moves up and down and aids in breathing
48
dorsal (posterior)
pertaining to the back
49
mediastinum
centrally located space outside of and between the lungs
50
pelvic cavity
space below the abdomen containing portions of the intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs
51
pelvic
pertaining to the pelvis
52
peritoneum
double-folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity
53
pleura
double folded membrane surrounding each lung
54
pleural cavity
space between the pleural layers
55
spinal cavity
space within the spinal column containing the spinal cord
56
thoracic cavity
space in the chest containing the heart, lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, esophagus, and other organs
57
ventral (anterior)
pertaining to the front
58
hypochondriac region
right and left upper regions beneath the ribs
59
epigastric region
middle upper region above the stomach
60
lumbar region
right and left middle regions near the waist
61
umbilical region
central region near the navel
62
inguinal (iliac) regions
right and left lower regions near the groin
63
hypogastric
middle lower region below the umbilical region
64
RUQ
right upper quadrant
65
LUQ
left upper quadrant
66
RLQ
right lower quadrant
67
LLQ
left lower quadrant
68
cervical
neck region (C1-C7)
69
thoracic
chest region (T1-T12)
70
lumbar region
loin (waist) region (L1-L5)
71
sacral region
region of the sacrum (S1-S5)
72
coccygeal region
region of the coccyx (tailbone)
73
vertebra
single backbone
74
vertebrae
backbones
75
spinal column
bone tissue surrounding spinal cavity
76
spinal cord
nervous tissue within the spinal cavity
77
disc
pad of cartilage between vertebrae
78
supine
lying on the back
79
prone
lying on the belly
80

CCP Medical Terminology (19 decks)

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