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CCP Medical Terminology > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

anabolism

A

process of building up large proteins from small protein pieces called amino acids

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2
Q

ana-

A

up

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3
Q

bol

A

to cast

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4
Q

catabolism

A

process whereby complex nutrients are broken down to simpler substances and energy is released

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5
Q

cata-

A

down

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6
Q

cell membrane

A

structure surrounding and protecting the cell, it determines what enters and leaves the cell

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7
Q

chromosomes

A

rod-shaped structures in the nucleus that contain regions of DNA called genes. There are 46 chromosomes (23 pairs) in every cell except for the egg and sperm cells, which contain only 23 individual, unpaired chromosomes

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8
Q

cytoplasm

A

all of the material that us outside the nucleus and yet contained within the cell membrane

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9
Q

DNA

A

deoxyribonucleic acid; chemical found within each chromosome, arranged like a sequence of recipes in code, directs activities of the cell

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10
Q

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

A

network of canals within the cytoplasm of the cell, large proteins are made of smaller proteins (amino acids)

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11
Q

genes

A

regions of DNA within each chromosome

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12
Q

karyotype

A

picture (classification) of chromosomes in the nucleus of the cell, arranged in numeric order to determine number and structure

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13
Q

metabolism

A

total of chemical processes in a cell, includes canabolism and anabolism

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14
Q

meta-

A

change

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15
Q

mitochondria

A

rod-shaped structures in the cytoplasm that provide the principal source of energy for the cell

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16
Q

catabolism

A

process that occurs in mitochondria

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17
Q

nucleus

A

control center of the cell, contains chromosomes and directs the activities of the cell

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18
Q

ribosomes

A

small granules on the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell, they arrange amino acids on the ER to make proteins

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19
Q

rib/o

A

RNA

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20
Q

-somes

A

bodies

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21
Q

hist/o

A

tissue

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22
Q

digestive system

A

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

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23
Q

urinary/excretory system

A

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

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24
Q

respiratory system

A

nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, lungs

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25
Q

reproductive system

A

female: ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands
male: testes and associated tubes, urethra, penis, prostate gland

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26
Q

endocrine system

A

thyroid gland, pituitary gland, sex glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, parathyroid glands

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27
Q

nervous system

A

brain, spinal cord, nerves, and nerve bundles

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28
Q

circulatory system

A

heart, blood vessels, lymph vessels and nodes, spleen, thymus gland

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29
Q

musculoskeletal system

A

muscles, bones, joints

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30
Q

skin and sense organs

A

skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous (oil) glands, eyes, ears, nose, and tongue

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31
Q

adipose tissue

A

collection of fat cells

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32
Q

cartilage

A

flexible connective tissue often attached to bones and joints, compose parts or ears nose and rings of trachea

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33
Q

epithelial cells

A

skin cells that cover the outside of the body and line the internal surfaces of organs

34
Q

histologist

A

specialist in the study of tissues

35
Q

larynx

A

voice box (above trachea)

36
Q

pharynx

A

throat

37
Q

pituitary gland

A

endocrine gland at the base of the brain

38
Q

thyroid gland

A

endocrine gland that surround trachea in the neck

39
Q

trachea

A

windpipe

40
Q

ureter

A

one of two tubes, each leading from a single kidney to the urinary bladder

41
Q

urethra

A

tube from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

42
Q

uterus

A

womb; the organ that holds the embryo/fetus as it develops

43
Q

viscera

A

internal organs in the main cavities of the body, especially in the abdomen

44
Q

abdominal cavity

A

space below the chest containing organs such as the liver, stomach, gallbladder, and intestines; also called the abdomen or peritoneal cavity

45
Q

cranial cavity

A

space in the head containing the brain surrounded by the skull

46
Q

cranial

A

pertaining to the skull

47
Q

diaphragm

A

muscle separating the the abdominal and thoracic cavities, moves up and down and aids in breathing

48
Q

dorsal (posterior)

A

pertaining to the back

49
Q

mediastinum

A

centrally located space outside of and between the lungs

50
Q

pelvic cavity

A

space below the abdomen containing portions of the intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs

51
Q

pelvic

A

pertaining to the pelvis

52
Q

peritoneum

A

double-folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity

53
Q

pleura

A

double folded membrane surrounding each lung

54
Q

pleural cavity

A

space between the pleural layers

55
Q

spinal cavity

A

space within the spinal column containing the spinal cord

56
Q

thoracic cavity

A

space in the chest containing the heart, lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, esophagus, and other organs

57
Q

ventral (anterior)

A

pertaining to the front

58
Q

hypochondriac region

A

right and left upper regions beneath the ribs

59
Q

epigastric region

A

middle upper region above the stomach

60
Q

lumbar region

A

right and left middle regions near the waist

61
Q

umbilical region

A

central region near the navel

62
Q

inguinal (iliac) regions

A

right and left lower regions near the groin

63
Q

hypogastric

A

middle lower region below the umbilical region

64
Q

RUQ

A

right upper quadrant

65
Q

LUQ

A

left upper quadrant

66
Q

RLQ

A

right lower quadrant

67
Q

LLQ

A

left lower quadrant

68
Q

cervical

A

neck region (C1-C7)

69
Q

thoracic

A

chest region (T1-T12)

70
Q

lumbar region

A

loin (waist) region (L1-L5)

71
Q

sacral region

A

region of the sacrum (S1-S5)

72
Q

coccygeal region

A

region of the coccyx (tailbone)

73
Q

vertebra

A

single backbone

74
Q

vertebrae

A

backbones

75
Q

spinal column

A

bone tissue surrounding spinal cavity

76
Q

spinal cord

A

nervous tissue within the spinal cavity

77
Q

disc

A

pad of cartilage between vertebrae

78
Q

supine

A

lying on the back

79
Q

prone

A

lying on the belly

80
Q
A

CCP Medical Terminology (18 decks)

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