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Unix/Linux Operating Systems > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

The text that appears after a command name, does not start with a dash (−), and specifies information that the command requires to work properly.

A

Arguments

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1
Q

In the past, PATA hard disks were referred to as

A

Advanced Technology Attachment (ATA) hard disks or Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE)

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2
Q

A filesystem that can be used to create fault tolerant volumes much like ZFS. It is currently still in development, but designed as a replacement for ext4.

A

B-tree Filesystem (BTRFS)

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3
Q

Also known as the Bourne Again Shell, this is the default command-line interface in Linux.

A

BASH shell

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4
Q

The part of a computer system that contains the programs used to initialize hardware components at boot time.

A

Basic Input/Output System (BIOS)

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5
Q

A small partition that is created by the Linux installation program to store information needed to boot the Linux operating system from a GPT hard disk on a computer that does not have a UEFI BIOS.

A

BIOS Boot Partition

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6
Q

A program that exists on the filesystem and is executed when typed on the command line.

A

Command

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7
Q

A nonjournaling Linux filesystem.

A

ext2

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8
Q

A journaling Linux filesystem.

A

ext3

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9
Q

An improved version of the ext3 filesystem, with an extended feature set and better performance.

A

ext4

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10
Q

A partition on an MBR-based hard disk or SSD that can be further subdivided into components called logical drives.

A

Extended partition

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11
Q

The way in which a hard disk drive or SSD partition is formatted to allow data to reside on the physical media; common Linux filesystems include ext2, ext3, ext4, XFS, and VFAT.

A

Filesystem

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12
Q

The area of a large hard disk (> 2TB) outside a partition that stores partition information. GPTs are used on most modern hard disks and SSDs.

A

GUID Partition Table (GPT)

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13
Q

A list of hardware components that have been tested and deemed compatible with a given operating system.

A

Hardware Compatibility List (HCL)

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14
Q

A set of local, easy-to-read command syntax documentation available by typing the info command-line utility.

A

Info pages

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15
Q

A file that contains the content of a DVD. These images of Linux installation media can be downloaded from the Internet.

A

ISO image

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16
Q

A filesystem function that keeps track of the information that needs to be written to the hard disk or SSD in a journal; common Linux journaling filesystems include ext3, ext4, and XFS.

A

Journaling

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17
Q

Linux installation media that provides a fully functional Linux operating system in RAM prior to installation on permanent storage.

A

Live media

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18
Q

The smaller partitions contained within an extended partition on an MBR-based hard disk or SSD.

A

Logical drivers

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19
Q

A set of software components within Linux that can be used to manage the storage of information across several hard disks on a Linux system.

A

Logical Volume Manager (LVM)

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20
Q

The most common set of local command syntax documentation, available by typing the man command-line utility. Also known as man pages.

A

Manual pages

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21
Q

The area of a typical hard disk (< 2TB) outside a partition that stores partition information.

A

Master Boot Record (MBR)

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22
Q

A common RAM-checking utility.

A

memtest86

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23
Q

The key combinations that have special meaning in the Linux operating system.

A

Metacharacters

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24
Q

A major section of an NVMe SSD that can be partitioned.

A

Namespace

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25
Q

A modern SSDs technology that allows for very fast data transfer directly to the PCIe bus on the computer.

A

Non-Volatile Memory Express (NVMe)

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26
Q

The specific letters that start with a dash (-) or two and appear after the command name to alter the way the command works.

A

Options

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27
Q

A legacy hard disk technology that uses ribbon cables to typically attach up to four hard disk devices to a single computer.

A

Parallel Advanced Technology Attachment (PATA)

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28
Q

A physical division of a hard disk or SSD.

A

Partitions

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29
Q

The separate divisions into which an MBR-based hard disk or SSD can be divided (up to four are allowed per hard disk).

A

Primary partitions

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30
Q

A type of storage that can be used to combine hard disks together for performance and/or fault tolerance.

A

Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks (RAID)

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31
Q

A technology that allows for fast data transfer along a serial cable for hard disks and SSDs. It is commonly used in newer workstation and server-class computers.

A

Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA)

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32
Q

A high-performance SCSI technology that is commonly used for hard disks and SSDs in modern server-class computers.

A

Serial Attached SCSI (SAS)

33
Q

A user interface that accepts input from the user and passes the input to the kernel for processing.

A

Shell

34
Q

A high-performance hard disk technology that is commonly used in legacy server-class computers.

A

Small Computer Systems Interface (SCSI)

35
Q

A type of disk drive that functions within a computer like a hard disk drive but instead uses fast flash memory chips to store data.

A

Solid-State Drive (SSD)

36
Q

The channel that allows a certain user to log in and communicate with the kernel via a user interface. It is also the name of the graphical application that is used to obtain a BASH shell within the macOS desktop.

A

Terminal

37
Q

A small partition that is created by an operating system installation program to store boot-related files on a computer that has a UEFI BIOS.

A

UEFI System Partition

38
Q

A feature-rich BIOS replacement used in modern computers.

A

Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI)

39
Q

A non journaling filesystem that might be used in Linux.

A

VFAT (Virtual File Allocation Table)

40
Q

An area on a hard disk or SSD (swap partition) that can be used to store information that normally resides in physical memory (RAM), if the physical memory is being used excessively.

A

Virtual memory (also known as swap memory)

41
Q

Each operating system that is run within virtualization software is called

A

Virtual machine

42
Q

An operating system that runs virtualization software.

A

Virtual machine host

43
Q

A set of programs that can be used to concurrently run an operating system within another operating system.

A

Virtualization software

44
Q

A high-performance journaling filesystem used in Linux.

A

XFS

45
Q

Primary master PATA hard disk

A

hda

46
Q

Primary master PATA hard disk

A

hdb

47
Q

Secondary master PATA hard disk

A

hdc

48
Q

Secondary slave PATA hard disk

A

hdd

49
Q

Clears the terminal screen

A

clear

50
Q

Resets your terminal to use default terminal settings

A

reset

51
Q

Displays currently logged-in users

A

who

52
Q

Displays currently logged-in users and their tasks

A

w

53
Q

Displays your login name

A

whoami

54
Q

Displays the numbers associated with your user account name and group names; these are commonly referred to as User IDs (UIDs) and Group IDs (GIDs)

A

id

55
Q

Displays the current date and time

A

date

56
Q

Displays the calendar for the current month

A

cal

57
Q

Displays system information

A

uname -a

58
Q

Lists files

A

ls

59
Q

Exits out of your current shell

A

exit

60
Q

Shell variable

A

$

61
Q

Shell variable

A

~

62
Q

Shell script comment

A

#

63
Q

Background command execution

A

&

64
Q

Command termination

A

;

65
Q

Input/Output redirection

A

< &laquo_space;>&raquo_space;

66
Q

Command piping

A

|

67
Q

Shell wildcards

A
  • ? [ ]
68
Q

Metacharacter quotes

A

’ “ \

69
Q

Command substitution

A

`

70
Q

Command grouping

A

( ) { }

71
Q

Powers off your system in four minutes

A

shutdown –P +4

72
Q

Halts the operating system from executing in four minutes, but does not invoke the ACPI function in your BIOS to turn off power to your computer

A

shutdown –H +4

73
Q

Reboots your system in four minutes

A

shutdown –r +4

74
Q

Powers off your system immediately

A

shutdown –P now

75
Q

Reboots your system immediately

A

shutdown –r now

76
Q

Cancels a scheduled shutdown

A

shutdown –c

77
Q

Halts your system immediately, but does not power it off

A

halt

78
Q

Powers off your system immediately

A

poweroff

79
Q

Reboots your system immediately

A

reboot

80
Q
A

Unix/Linux Operating Systems (5 decks)

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