CHAPTER 2 Flashcards
who gave the earliest atomic theory?
Leucippus and Democritus
Who discovered the electron?
Joseph John Thomson
who advanced Thomson’s theory?
Ernest Rutherford
who refined Rutherford’s theory?
Niels Bohr
Three fundamental components of an atom?
• Electrons
• Neutrons
• Protons
What is the nucleus made up of?
Protons and Neutrons
What is orbiting the nucleus?
Electrons
Protons are what charge?
Positive charged
Neutrons are what charged?
No charge
Electrons are what charge?
negative charge
Who presented the sound atomic theory in the early 1800’s
John Dalton
If negative charges outnumber the positive, it is called?
Negative Ion
If positive charges outnumber the negative, it is called?
Positive Ion
Binding energy holds ___ and ___ together to form the ___.
Protons, Neutrons, Nucleus
Binding energy is a measure of?
The amount if energy necessary to split an atom
Electron Shells are defined as …?
Energy Levels
Name electron shells from nearest to farthest from the nucleus
K, L, M, N, O, P, etc.
electrons orbit the nucleus at ___ ___ velocities.
Very high
Atomic Number refers to …?
of protons the nucleus contains
Atomic Mass refers to …?
of protons and neutrons in a nucleus
what composes compounds?
Combination of Elements
what forms a molecule?
Two or more atoms bonded together
Isotopes
Same # of protons but different # of neutrons
Isotones
same # of neutrons but different # of protons
Isobars
different # of protons but same total # of protons and neutrons
Isomers
Same # of protons and neutrons but different amounts of energy within their nuclei
two primary ways atoms bond are …?
Ionic and covalent bonding
Ionic Bonding
when an atom gives up an electron to another atom. Opposites attract
Covalent Bonding
two atoms sharing electrons, then orbits both nuclei in an 8 figure.
