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PSY 422 > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

CNS

A

central nervous system

brain, spinal cord

hindbrain, midbrain, forebrain

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2
Q

PNS

A

peripheral nervous system

peripheral nerves and ganglia

autonomic nervous system, somatic nervous system

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3
Q

nuclei

A

collections of neuronal cell bodies in CNS

grey matter

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4
Q

tracts

A

bundles of axons in CNS

usually white matter

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5
Q

ganglion

A

collections of neuronal cell bodies in PNS

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6
Q

nerve

A

bundles of axons in PNS

almost always myelinated

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7
Q

anatomical structures of CNS

A

meninges
cerebral ventricles
myelencephalon
metencephalon
mesencephalon
diencephalon
telencephalon
cerebral cortex
white matter fiber tracts
four lobes

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8
Q

meninges

A

three tissue layers that cover the brain and spinal cord (CNS)

dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater

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9
Q

dura mater

A

meninges in CNS

outermost, thick tough tissue layer composed mostly of collagen

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10
Q

arachnoid

A

meninges in CNS

middle, membrane with web-like sublayer filled with CSF

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11
Q

pia mater

A

meninges in CNS

inner, thin membrane that sits directly on nervous tissue

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12
Q

cerebral ventricles

A

CSF filled chambers in the brain and spinal cord (CNS)

lateral ventricles, third ventricle, cerebral aqueduct, fourth ventricle, central canal

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13
Q

lateral ventricles

A

[cerebral ventricles in CNS]

one inside each hemisphere of the brain (telencephalon)

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14
Q

third ventricle

A

[cerebral ventricles in CNS]

in diencephalon

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15
Q

cerebral aqueduct

A

[cerebral ventricles in CNS]

connects third and fourth ventricle

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16
Q

fourth ventricle

A

[cerebral ventricles in CNS]

pons and medulla

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17
Q

central canal

A

[cerebral ventricles in CNS]

in spinal cord

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18
Q

encephalon

A

brain (CNS)

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19
Q

myelencephalon

A

[hindbrain; encephalon; CNS]

medulla

20
Q

medulla

A

[myelencephalon, hind brain, CNS]

coordinates and controls vital functions (heart rate, digestion, blood pressure, coughing, vomiting (area postrema))

21
Q

metencephalon

A

[hindbrain; encephalon; CNS]

pons, cerebellum

22
Q

pons

A

[metencephalon; hindbrain; CNS]

axons cross to other side of brain here (ascending and descending tracts)

reticular formation (collection of ~100 nuclei involved in arousal, attention, sleep, muscle tone, cardiac and respiratory reflexes)

23
Q

cerebellum

A

[metencephalon; hindbrain; CNS]

sensorimotor center that receives visual, auditory, somatosensory, and vestibular input

integrates and coordinates sensory and motor info from cortex

allows for smoother and corrective movements

24
Q

mesencephalon

A

[midbrain; encephalon; CNS]

tectum, tegmentum

25
Q

tectum

A

[mesencephalon; encephalon; CNS]

superior colliculi (visual orienting)

inferior colliculi (auditory orienting)

26
Q

tegmentum

A

[mesencephalon; encephalon; CNS]

collection of nuclei in midbrain

periaqueductal grey (PAG), substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area (VTA)

27
Q

diencephalon

A

[forebrain; encephalon; CNS]

thalamus, hypothalamus

28
Q

thalamus

A

[diencephalon, encephalon, CNS]

set of nuclei that process and distribute sensory and motor info to and from cortex

allows cortex to direct attention to selectively important stimuli while diminishing the significance of others

29
Q

hypothalamus

A

[diencephalon; encephalon; CNS]

made up of many small nuclei critical to survival

regulates homeostatic mechanisms of the body

affects both sympathetic and parasympathetic NS activity

30
Q

telencephalon

A

[forebrain; encephalon; CNS]

cerebral hemispheres

neocortex, basal ganglia, limbic system

31
Q

cerebral cortex

A

grey matter on exterior, white matter on interior

fissures, gyri, sulci

32
Q

fissures

A

[cerebral cortex; CNS]

deep grooves in surface of brain

33
Q

gyri

A

[cerebral cortex; CNS]

bulge of tissue on surface of brain

34
Q

sulci

A

[cerebral cortex; CNS]

small grooves between gyri on surface of the brain

35
Q

3 types of white matter fiber tracts

A

[CNS]

associational (connect parts within same hemisphere)

commissural (connect right and left hemispheres; ex. corpus callosum)

projectional (ascending and descending tracts from and to spinal cord)

36
Q

four lobes

A

[CNS]

frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital

each with primary cortex, secondary cortex, and tertiary cortex

37
Q

primary cortex

A

[four lobes, CNS]

conscious awareness of sensory experiences and initial cortical processing

38
Q

secondary cortex

A

[four lobes, CNS]

used to analyze info from primary cortex and provide semantic meaning to it

stores memories

39
Q

tertiary cortex

A

[four lobes, CNS]

provide higher-order perceptual functions and associations needed for complex action and recognition

often lie in the borders of the parietal-temporal-occipital cortices

40
Q

somatic nervous system

A

[PNS]

relays sensory and motor information

mostly voluntary

spinal cord, cranial nerves (motor and sensory nerves)

41
Q

spinal cord

A

[somatic; PNS]

grey matter is medial, white matter is lateral

sensory afferents (enter)

motor efferents (leave)

42
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

[PNS]

regulates internal body processes and homeostatic mechanisms

sympathetic, parasympathethic

43
Q

sympathethic

A

[autonomic; PNS]

activates during times of increased energy requirements

44
Q

parasympathetic

A

[autonomic; PNS]

active most of the time, when energy reserves can be conserved and stored

45
Q

glial cells

A

PSY 422 (8 decks)

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