CHAPTER 2

Question 1

What is the difference between Crystalline and noncrystalline structures

Answer 1

The difference between the two is that Crystalline materials have their atoms arranged in a periodic ,ordered 3D array ,whereas Noncrystalline materials have atoms with no periodic arrangement ,ie) random order

Question 2

Describe how Ionic bonding works

Answer 2

The atoms of one element gives up their outer electrons ,which are in turn attracted to the atoms of some other elements to increase their electron count in the outermost shell to eight.

Question 3

Covelent bonding

Answer 3

It is one in which electrons are shared ( as opposed to transfering) between atoms in their outer most shells to acheive a stable set of eight .

Question 4

Metallic bonding

Answer 4

Involves the sharing of outer shell electrons by all atoms to form a general electron cloud that permeates the entire block.

Question 5

Secondary bonds

Answer 5

• Dipole forces
  
  • London forces
    * Hydrogen bonding

Question 6

Dipole forces

Answer 6

Arise in a molecule comprised of two atoms that have equal and opposite electrical changes .Each molecule therefore forms a dipole that attracts other molecules

Question 7

London forces

Answer 7

Involves actractive forces between nonpolar molecules ,that is , the atoms in the molecules do no form dipoles in the sense of the proceeding paragraph.However due to the rapid motion of electrons in orbit around the molecule,temporary dipoles form when more electrons happen to be on one side of the molecule than the others .

Question 8

Hydrogen bonding

Answer 8

Occurs in molecules containing hydrogen atoms that are covelantly bonded to another atom

Question 9

Periodic bonds

Answer 9

• Ionic bonding
• Covelant bonding
• Metallic bonding