Chapter 2

Question 1

corporations

Answer 1

a group of people the is recognized as a single legal entity

Question 2

Virginia charter

Answer 2

In 1606, King James claimed dominion over the land from todays South Carolina to Canada, established a council, and allowed settlers to create their own council for local affairs

Question 3

House of Burgesses

Answer 3

The elected representatives of the Virginia General Assembly and the first self-governing body in British America, formed 1619

Question 4

Atlantic slave trade

Answer 4

A significant segment of the global slave trade, spanning the mid-sixteenth century to the 1860s, in which European slave traders enslaved millions of Africans and forcibly transported them across the Atlantic Ocean to be sold in the Americas.

Question 5

pilgrims

Answer 5

Religious separatists who broke completely from the Church of England, finding it morally corrupt, and sailed to the New World aboard the Mayflower. Also called Puritans, they founded Plymouth Colony on Cape Cod in 1620.

Question 6

Puritans

Answer 6

English religious dissenters who sought to “purify” the Church of England of its Catholic practices

Question 7

Magna Carta

Answer 7

The English charter signed by King John in 1215 granting that monarchs were subject to the rule of law and establishing specific rights for “all free men”-meaning at the time “noblemen”

Question 8

trial by jury

Answer 8

A right established by Magna Carta that transformed the English legal system by prioritizing factual evidence as evaluated by a jury of one’s peers over methods that claimed to represent divine intervention

Question 9

plantations

Answer 9

Large agricultural estates the relied on enslaved labor for the planting and harvesting of crops, particularly sugar, cane, cotton, and tobacco

Question 10

Body of Liberties

Answer 10

A list of rights for Englishmen established in 1641 by the Massachusetts legislature that also affirmed the legality of enslaving Native Americans and Africans

Question 11

John Locke

Answer 11

A English philosopher whose ideas were influential during the Enlightenment. He argued in his Essay on Human Understanding that humanity is largely the product of the environment, the mind being a blank tablet, or tabula rasa, on which experience is written

Question 12

Metacom’s War

Answer 12

An unsuccessful Algonquian revolt led by Metacom against the New England colonists who had invaded their lands

Question 13

Bacon’s Rebellion

Answer 13

The unsuccesful 1676 revolt led by planter Nathaniel Bacon against Virginia governor William Berkeley’s government, which Bacon charged, had failed to protect from settlers from Native American attacks

Question 14

indentured servitude

Answer 14

The system through which colonial settlers consented to work for a defined period of labor in exchange for having their passage to the New World paid by their “master”

Question 15

Pueblo Revolt

Answer 15

An uprising lad by an alliance of the Pueblo and Apache people that drove the Spanish out of New Mexico after decades of drought, starvation, suffering under the economienda system, and religious persecution

Question 16

economienda system

Answer 16

A forced labor system under which Spanish army officers were given a grant of Native Americans; the colonizers were expected to convert the indigenous people to Christianity in exchange for their labor and tributes of gold