Chapter 2

Question 1

Visualizing data to make sense of it

Answer 1

Descriptive statistics

Question 2

Summarizing key aspects of data using numerical quantities

Answer 2

Summary statistics

Question 3

Allows comparisons without referring to the sample size

Answer 3

Proportion (relative frequency)

Question 4

Visual that involves pie slices that correspond with the proportion

Answer 4

Pie Chart

Question 5

Visual where the height corresponds with the number of cases in each category – doesn’t touch

Answer 5

Bar graph/chart

Question 6

Used to analyze two categorical variables

Answer 6

Two-way table

Question 7

Visual where the cases are represented by dots stacked on each other

Answer 7

Dot plot

Question 8

Visual where the height corresponds to the number of cases within a range of variables – Quantitative and touches

Answer 8

Histogram

Question 9

The average of the data values

Answer 9

Mean

Question 10

The middle value of data when arranged from smallest to largest

Answer 10

Median

Question 11

An observed value that is noticeably different from the other values in the dataset

Answer 11

Outlier

Question 12

What a value is called if it is relatively unaffected by extreme values

Answer 12

Resistant

Question 13

Shows the distance between each number in the data set – measures spread and shows variability

Answer 13

Standard deviation

Question 14

How far a value is from the mean

Answer 14

Deviation

Question 15

The rule states that 95% of data will be between 2 standard deviations if the data is approximately a bell-curve

Answer 15

95% rule

Question 16

How many standard deviations a value is from the mean

Answer 16

Z-score

Question 17

Shows the direction of the data and is useful for skewed data

Answer 17

Five Number Summary

Question 18

Graphical display of the Five Number Summary (NOT how it is written)

Answer 18

Boxplot

Question 19

The rule states that, for bell-shaped curves, 68% is found in 1 standard deviation, 95% is found in 2, and 99.7% is found in 3

Answer 19

Empirical Rule

Question 20

Graph used to analyze the data between two quantitative variables

Answer 20

Scatterplot

Question 21

When the x value in a scatterplot increases, the y value increase – r>0

Answer 21

Positive association

Question 22

When the x value in a scatterplot increases, the y value decreases – r<0

Answer 22

Negative association

Question 23

The x and y values of a scatterplot do not influence each other – r=0

Answer 23

No association

Question 24

The measure of strength and direction of linear association – on ascale of -1 to 1, weaker the closer to 0

Answer 24

Correlation

Question 25

A straight line that best fits the data on a scatterplot

Answer 25

Regression line

Question 26

The response value observed for a particular data point (y)

Answer 26

Observed response value

Question 27

The response value that would be predicted for a given x value based on a model (yhat)

Answer 27

Predicted response value

Question 28

The vertical distance between the observed and predicted values on a regression line

Answer 28

Residual

Question 29

The best regression line because the residuals are as small as possible

Answer 29

Least Squares line

Question 30

The increase in the predicted y value for every unit increase in the x value

Answer 30

Slope

Question 31

The predicted y value when x equals 0

Answer 31

Intercept

Question 32

How a 5 number summary is laid out

Answer 32

[Min, Q1, m, Q3, Max]