Chapter 1 Flashcards
Set of measurements taken on a set of individual units.
Data
Units; what is being tested.
Cases
What is different between cases
Variables
Divide cases into groups (non-numerical)
Categorical variable
Measures the numerical quantity of each case
Quantitative variable
What is doing the manipulating (cause)
Explanatory variable
Action to explanatory variable
Response variable
All individuals/objects of interest
Population
A portion of the population we collect data on and infer with
Sample
The process of using data from the sample to gain information on the population
Statistical inference
When selecting methods of sampling, the sample differs too drastically from the population because of what
Sampling bias
Bias where participants choose to participate
Volunteer bias
T or F: Wording of the question is a form of bias
True
T or F: Context doesn’t matter and isn’t a bias
False
Inaccurate responses are caused by what bias
Participants did not understand the question
One variable is related to the other
Associated variables
Change in one variable influenced by the other
Casually associated variables
A third, usually un-noticed, variable that influences the other variables
Confounding/hidden/lurking variable
A study where researchers don’t actively control the value of the variable and watches it instead
Observational study
a study where researchers actively control the explanatory variable(s)
Experiment
The explanatory variable is chosen randomly before the response variable is measured
Randomized experiment
Randomizing the cases into different groups (one gets one form of variable, the other gets the other form)
Randomized comparative experiment
Give each case each variable and randomize the order received
Matched pairs experiment
