Chapter 1

Question 1

Set of measurements taken on a set of individual units.

Answer 1

Data

Question 2

Units; what is being tested.

Answer 2

Cases

Question 3

What is different between cases

Answer 3

Variables

Question 4

Divide cases into groups (non-numerical)

Answer 4

Categorical variable

Question 5

Measures the numerical quantity of each case

Answer 5

Quantitative variable

Question 6

What is doing the manipulating (cause)

Answer 6

Explanatory variable

Question 7

Action to explanatory variable

Answer 7

Response variable

Question 8

All individuals/objects of interest

Answer 8

Population

Question 9

A portion of the population we collect data on and infer with

Answer 9

Sample

Question 10

The process of using data from the sample to gain information on the population

Answer 10

Statistical inference

Question 11

When selecting methods of sampling, the sample differs too drastically from the population because of what

Answer 11

Sampling bias

Question 12

Bias where participants choose to participate

Answer 12

Volunteer bias

Question 13

T or F: Wording of the question is a form of bias

Answer 13

True

Question 14

T or F: Context doesn’t matter and isn’t a bias

Answer 14

False

Question 15

Inaccurate responses are caused by what bias

Answer 15

Participants did not understand the question

Question 16

One variable is related to the other

Answer 16

Associated variables

Question 17

Change in one variable influenced by the other

Answer 17

Casually associated variables

Question 18

A third, usually un-noticed, variable that influences the other variables

Answer 18

Confounding/hidden/lurking variable

Question 19

A study where researchers don’t actively control the value of the variable and watches it instead

Answer 19

Observational study

Question 20

a study where researchers actively control the explanatory variable(s)

Answer 20

Experiment

Question 21

The explanatory variable is chosen randomly before the response variable is measured

Answer 21

Randomized experiment

Question 22

Randomizing the cases into different groups (one gets one form of variable, the other gets the other form)

Answer 22

Randomized comparative experiment

Question 23

Give each case each variable and randomize the order received

Answer 23

Matched pairs experiment