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Applied anatomy > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

Biomechanics

1
Q

what is kinematics

A

description of motion

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2
Q

what is linear motion

A

Rectilinear motion
Curvilinear Motion

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3
Q

Rectilinear motion

A

describes motion that occurs in a straight line and is also called translation.

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4
Q

Curvilinear

A

describes motion that occurs in a curved path.

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5
Q

What is angular motion

A

occurs when all points on an object rotate around a fixed point (axis)

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6
Q

what is general motion?

A

combines linear and angular motion. Most sport activities involve general motion. Joint rotations of the limbs allow the body to translate its center of mass through space.

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7
Q

What branches of mechanics are most important for applied anatomy ?

A

Rigid body mechanics
Deformable body mechanics

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8
Q

Rigid body mechanics

A

object in question does not change shape

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9
Q

Deformable body mechanics

A

the object changes shape

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10
Q

what are the sub branches of rigid body movements

A

Statics
dynamic

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11
Q

Static body movement

A

objects that are still and unmoving (or are moving at a constant velocity)

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12
Q

Dynamic body movement

A

studies moving objects
Dynamics can be divided into kinematics and kinetics

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13
Q

What is kinetics?

A

the study of forces and their kinetics

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14
Q

Internal forces

A

inside the object: contractions

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15
Q

External forces

A

Outside the body: movement

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16
Q

contact forces

A

touches the object: friction; reaction forces

17
Q

Non-contact forces

A

objects are not touching: gravity

18
Q

Newtons first law: inertia

A

an object at rest will stay at rest unless an external force is acted on it

19
Q

newtons first law: acceleration

A

force is directly proportional to mass and acceleration
More mass= more force
more speed = more force

20
Q

newtons third law: action- reaction

A

every action force has an equal but opposite reaction

21
Q

torque

A

a rotational force or the turning effect produced by a force that is not applied through the object’s center of mass.

22
Q

What happens when we shorten the moment arm

A

we reduce gravity and torque

23
Q

what is the relationship between torque and force

A

they are proportional

24
Q

What is the equation for torque

A

T=FR
R- moment arm

25
Q

what is the relationship between moment arm and torque

A

They are proportional

26
Q

What is a simple machine

A

makes the job easier or more efficient

27
Q

Class 1 lever

A

axis between the effort and resistance forces
- amplify the speed/ ROM and force

28
Q

Class 2 lever

A

resistance force between the axis and effort force
- Magnifies the force movement ( smaller force required)

29
Q

Class 3 lever

A

effort force is between the axis and resistance force
- magnifies speed or range of motion
- most levers in the body are class 3 levers

30
Q

Uniaxial loads

A

loads that are applied in one direction

31
Q

3 types of uni-axial loads

A

tension, compression, sheering

32
Q

tension loads

A

pulls or stretches
- occurs most often at the apophysis ( bone growth)
- Produced by pull of contracting muscles

33
Q

Compression loads

A

pressing ends together
- produced by muscles, gravity, external forces acting along the long axis of the bone

34
Q

Shearing loads

A

sliding or slipping forces
- can occur both application of compressive and tensile force
- adjacent parts of the bone would experience equal and opposite

35
Q

what are complex loads

A

loads occur when the direction of the forces is different to each other

36
Q

what are two types of complex loads

A

torsion
bending

37
Q

torsion loads

A

twisting force
- creates a shear stress over the entire structure
- spiral fracture of humorous during pitching

38
Q

Bending loads

A

applied to an area having no direct support
- produces both compressive and tensile forces on either side of the bone

Applied anatomy (5 decks)

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