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FORENSIC > CHAPTER 2 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 2 Flashcards

1
Q

the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that can be perceived by the HUMAN EYE

A

electromagnetic radiation

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2
Q

that makes THINGS VISIBLE is classified by the wavelength into a system known as the electromagnetic spectrum.

A

radiant energy

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3
Q

It is when the sun sets, day TURNS INTO NIGHT and it becomes dark.

A

Moon and Stars

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4
Q

most popular and MOSTLY USED LIGHT source of photographers

A

Sunlight

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5
Q

It is free and no need to be transported.

A

Sunlight

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6
Q

Classification ACCORDING to its Intensity:

A

Bright sunlight/Distinct sun
Hazy Sunlight
Dull Sunlight/Cloudy
Overcast Sky/Cloudy Bright
Heavy Overcast/Cloudy Dull

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7
Q

This is the direct SUNLIGHT STRIKING the subject

A

Bright sunlight/Distinct sun

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7
Q

It is the BRIGHTEST OF ALL, it is highly directional, images taken with distinct sun is characterized by
extreme highlights

A

Bright sunlight/Distinct sun

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7
Q

It is a hazy sunlight when the sun is covered by THIN CLOUDS but still clearly visible and it is illuminating your subject

A

Hazy Sunlight

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7
Q

Objects in OPEN SPACE cast no shadow

A

Dull Sunlight/Cloudy

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8
Q

Sun is bright but NOT VISIBLE light is soft and not
directional, skies may be covered with stationary clouds and it provides no shadows and
low contrast

A

Overcast Sky/Cloudy Bright

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9
Q

This is practically the same as overcast sky but generally
DARKER AND LIGHT IS DULL

A

Heavy Overcast/Cloudy Dull

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10
Q

It is cloudy when the sun
is shining bright but covered with THICK MOVING CLOUDS

A

Dull Sunlight/Cloudy

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11
Q

It provides VERY POOR CONTRAST and static cloud is so thick where
one cannot tell the overhead position of the sun

A

Heavy Overcast/Cloudy Dull

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12
Q

There are DIFFERENT classifications:

A

UV Lamp
LASER
Alternative Light Source (ALS
Forensic Light Sources (FLS)

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13
Q

this refers to some units are PORTABLE BATTERY operated and are easily
carried and can meet the rugged and rigorous demand for field work.

A

UV Lamp

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14
Q

This refers to Light Amplification through Simulated Emission of
Radiation

A

LASER

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15
Q

This refers to far more EXPENSIVE ALTERNATIVE to
forensic LASER

A

Alternative Light Source (ALS

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16
Q

This refers to a wide variety of relatively INEXPENSIVE LIGHT sources which use filtered white light.

A

Forensic Light Sources (FLS)

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17
Q

It uses a variety of band pass filters to provide a high intensity beam of
NON - COHERENT LIGHT.

A

Alternative Light Source (ALS

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18
Q

What are the types of Light Angles?

A

Front Lighting
Side Lighting
Back Lighting
Overhead Lighting

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19
Q

It is a common belief that photographs taken at EARLY IN THE MORNING or
late in the afternoon is better compared to photos taken in any other time of day.

A

Front Lighting

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20
Q

This type of lighting happens MOSTLY IN THE MORNING and
afternoonwhen the sunlight hits the subject from either the right or left flank of the
photographer

A

Side Lighting

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21
Q

This type of lighting happens when the sun STRIKES THE SUBJECT from
behind or when the sun is directly in front of the photographer

A

Back Lighting

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22
Q

This normally occurs at NOONTIME where sun is directly above your subject

A

Overhead Lighting

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23
Q

This angle of lighting is generally NOT RECOMMENDED for taking portraits.

A

Overhead Lighting

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24
Q

What are the Theories of Light:

A
  1. Wavelength Theory
  2. Quantum Theory
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25
Q

The wavelength of the light is the MOST PERTINENT, particularly in the design of lenses

A

Wavelength Theory

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26
Q

It is used to explain X- RADIATION and photo – electricity

A

Quantum Theory

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27
Q

It is best illustrated by the DROPPING OF STONE in a pond of still water

A

Wavelength Theory

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28
Q

A quantum of light is called

A

photon

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29
Q

What are The RAT Law

A

Reflected
Absorbed
Transmitted

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30
Q

He measured the SPEED LIGHT in 1676

A

Ole Romer

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31
Q

It occurs whenever an object change direction of a light wave but DOES NOT ALLOW THE WAVE to pass through it

A

Reflection

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32
Q

It is the change in direction of a wave due to a CHANGE IN ITS SPEED

A

Refraction

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33
Q

It is described as the apparent BENDING OF WAVES around small obstacles and the
spreading out of waves past small openings

A

Diffraction

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34
Q

When light STIKES THE SURFACE and rebound it is said to be reflected, and it is called

A

incident light

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35
Q

This is MOST COMMON OBSERVED when a wave passes from one medium to another

A

Refraction

36
Q

TYPES OF Mediums of Light:

A
  1. Transparent object
  2. Translucent objects
  3. Opaque objects
37
Q

It allows sufficient visible light to pass through them that the object on the other side
may be CLEARLY SEEN.

A

Transparent object

38
Q

It allows light to pass, however diffuse it sufficiently that objects on the other side
may NOT BE CLEARLY distinguished

A

Translucent objects

39
Q

It is so greatly diffuse the light that recognizing the object on the other side is very
difficult if NOT IMPOSSIBLE

A

Opaque objects

40
Q

It transmits 90% OR MORE of the incident light

A

Transparent object

41
Q

It transmits 50% OR LESS of the incident light

A

Translucent objects

42
Q

It DIVERT or absorb light.

A

Opaque objects

43
Q

The light that we see is ONLY A PART OF TREMENDOUS range
of energy called the

A

Electromagnetic Spectrum

44
Q

Kinds of Light in the Electromagnetic Spectrum:

A

a. Visible Lights
b. Invisible lights

45
Q

Types of Visible Lights:

A
  1. Red
  2. Orange
  3. Yellow
  4. Green
  5. Blue
  6. Indigo
  7. Violet
46
Q

The light that CANNOT BE DETECTED BY NAKED EYE is the invisible spectrum

A

Invisible lights

47
Q

Invisible Radiation with wavelength SHORTER than 400 mμ:

A
  1. Ultraviolet Light
  2. X–ray
  3. Gamma rays
  4. Cosmic Rays
48
Q

It is used to photograph FINGERPRINTS ON MULTI-COLORED BACKGROUND, documents that
are altered chemically or over writings and detection of secret writings.

A

Ultraviolet Light

49
Q

To produce a SHADOW PHOTOGRAPH of an internal structure of solid objects, x –rays is
suitable.

A

X–ray

50
Q

Used in recording or photographing objects HIDDEN BY OPAQUE mediums

A

Gamma rays

50
Q

It is the high energy charged particles, originating in OUTER SPACE, that travel
at nearly the speed of light and strike the Earth from all directions.

A

Cosmic Rays

51
Q

It is also include HIGH ENERGY ELECTRONS, positrons, and other subatomic
particles.

A

Cosmic Rays

52
Q

The term “cosmic rays” usually refers to?

A

galactic cosmic rays

53
Q

Invisible Radiation with wavelength LONGER than 400 mμ:

A
  1. Infrared Light
  2. Radio Waves
  3. Microwaves
  4. Hertzian Waves
54
Q

It is not a color or any KIND OF RED. It is an invisible rays and it is only detected by the human skin as heat.

A

Infrared Light

55
Q

These light waves have the LONGEST WAVELENGTH of all lights

A

Radio Waves

56
Q

It can harm the body because it CAN HEAT THE WATER molecules in deep tissues.

A

Microwaves

57
Q

An electromagnetic wave produced by the OSCILLATION of electricity in a conductor (as
a radio antenna) and of a length ranging from a few millimeters to many kilometers.

A

Hertzian Waves

58
Q

is the PRESENCE of all color

A

White

59
Q

is the ABSENCE of all colors or the absence of light

A

Black

60
Q

What are the types of Light Rays:

A

a.Primary Colors of Light Rays b.Secondary/Complementary Colors of Light Rays

61
Q

What are the types of Color Mixing of Lights:

A

Color Addition
Color Subtraction
Neutral Color

62
Q

Primary Colors of Light Rays:

A
  1. Red
  2. Green
  3. Blue
62
Q

Secondary/Complementary Colors of Light Rays:

A
  1. Yellow
  2. Cyan
  3. Magenta
63
Q

Color Addition:

A
  1. Magenta + Yellow = White
  2. Magenta + Cyan = White
  3. Yellow + Cyan = White
  4. Red + Green + Blue = White
  5. Red + Blue = Magenta
  6. Red + Green = Yellow
  7. Blue + Green = Cyan
64
Q

Color Subtraction:

A
  1. White - Magenta = Green
  2. Cyan - Green = Blue
  3. Yellow - Green = Red
  4. Yellow - Red = Green
  5. White - Red = Cyan
  6. White - Blue = Yellow
  7. White - Green = Magenta
  8. White - Cyan = Red
  9. White - Yellow = Blue
65
Q

Neutral Color:

A
  1. White
66
Q

Types of Coloring Matters:

A

a.Primary Colors of Coloring Matters
b.Secondary Colors of Coloring Matters
c.Tertiary Colors of Coloring Matters
d.Color Mixing of Coloring Matters
e.Neutral Colors

67
Q

Primary Colors of Coloring Matters:

A
  1. Red
  2. Yellow
  3. Blue
67
Q

Secondary Colors of Coloring Matters:

A
  1. Orange
  2. Green
  3. Violet
68
Q

Tertiary Colors of Coloring Matters:

A
  1. Yellow – Orange
  2. Yellow – Green
  3. Blue – Green
  4. Blue – Violet
  5. Red – Violet
  6. Red – Orange
69
Q

Color Mixing of Coloring Matters

A
  1. Red + Yellow = Orange
  2. Blue + Yellow = Green
  3. Blue + Red = Violet
  4. Yellow + Orange = Yellow – Orange
  5. Yellow + Green = Yellow – Green
  6. Blue + Green = Blue – Green
  7. Blue + Violet = Blue –Violet
  8. Red + Violet = Red – Violet
  9. Red + Orange = Red – Orange
70
Q

Neutral Colors in Coloring Matters:

A
  1. Gray
  2. Black
71
Q

Steps are taken to ensure proper photographic documentation:

A

Secure the scene
Evaluate conditions
Shoot the scene
Photograph the victims
Photograph the evidence
Evidence markers
Re-shoot for new evidence

71
Q

In all forensic investigations, the FIRST STEPS is to secure the crime scene.

A

Secure the scene

71
Q

The photographer should EVALUATE THE AVAILABLE LIGHT and weather conditions and adjust camera settings appropriately.

A

Evaluate conditions

71
Q

The photographer should TAKE PHOTOGRAPHS BEFORE ANYTHING is disturbed, progressively working through the scene from outside to close-up pictures.

A

Shoot the scene

71
Q

The next series of shots SHOULD INCLUDE VICTIMS (if present) to show locations, injuries and condition.

A

Photograph the victims

71
Q

Then each PIECE OF EVIDENCE should be photographed to illustrate where it was found.

A

Photograph the evidence

71
Q

Photographs should be TAKEN BEFORE evidence markers are placed, then again after.

A

Evidence markers

72
Q

the whole series of shots should be REPEATED, including all evidence shots.

A

Re-shoot for new evidence

72
Q

These photographs should be taken from STRAIGHT ABOVE or straight on at right angles, eliminating potential distance distortions.

A

Photograph the evidence

72
Q

WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF Qualities of Light:

A

INTENSITY
COLOR
DIRECTION

72
Q

The AMOUNT OF LIGHT REFLECTED by the performer and the background.

A

INTENSITY

72
Q

Reflected by the PERFORMER and the background.

A

COLOR

72
Q

It determines the LENGTH AND LOCATION of the shadows cast by the performer and the three dimensional props around him.

A

DIRECTION

73
Q

WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF Forensic Light Sources:

A

Latent Fingerprint Detection
Bodily Fluids
Hair and Fibers
Questioned Document

74
Q

The PRIMARY APPLICATION of a forensic light source is for enhancing the detection of _______

A

Latent Fingerprint Detection

75
Q

It will actually GLOW UNDER THE LIGHT source illumination

A

Bodily Fluids

75
Q

Two light illumination methods can be employed, first, oblique or parallel lighting of a surface such as a FLOOR OR CARPET with a strong white light (the more powerful the better) will reveal small particles like hair and fibers for collection.

A

Hair and Fibers

76
Q

A tunable forensic light source can be used to identify slight variations in INK TYPE by viewing ink responses as the color of the light is tuned through the visible and infrared regions.

A

Questioned Document

FORENSIC (9 decks)

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