Chapter 2

Question 0

Nutrition

Answer 0

The study of how your body uses the nutrients in the foods you eat.

Question 1

Nutrient

Answer 1

A chemical substance in food that helps maintain the body.

Question 2

Malnutrition

Answer 2

A lack of the right proportions of nutrients over an extended period.

Question 3

Deficiency disease

Answer 3

An illness caused by the lack of a sufficient amount of a nutrient.

Question 4

Dietary supplements

Answer 4

Purified nutrients that are manufactured or extracted from natural sources.

Question 5

Photochemicals

Answer 5

Compounds from plants that are active in the human body. They are found in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, herbs, and spices. Researchers have found some of these compounds to have a preventive effect against such diseases as heart disease and cancer.

Question 6

Fortified foods

Answer 6

Foods to which nutrients are added in amounts greater than what would naturally occur in the food.

Question 7

Carbohydrates

Answer 7

The body’s main source of energy.

Question 8

Glucose

Answer 8

A form of sugar carried in the bloodstream for energy used throughout the body.

Question 9

Fiber

Answer 9

A form of complex carbohydrates from plants that humans cannot digest, does not provide energy.

Question 10

Fat

Answer 10

An important energy source that belongs to the lipids group of compounds.

Question 11

Fatty acids

Answer 11

Chemical chains that contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.

Question 12

Hydrogenation

Answer 12

A process that adds hydrogen atoms to unsaturated fatty acids in liquid oils.

Question 13

Trans fatty acids

Answer 13

Fatty acids with odd molecular shapes.

Question 14

Cholesterol

Answer 14

A fat like substance found in every cell in the body.

Question 15

Proteins

Answer 15

Chemical compounds that are found in every body cell.

Question 16

Amino acids

Answer 16

Small units that make up proteins.

Question 17

Vitamins

Answer 17

Complex organic substances needed in small amounts for normal growth, maintenance, and reproduction.

Question 18

Fat-soluble vitamins

Answer 18

Vitamins that dissolve in fats.

Question 19

Water-soluble vitamins

Answer 19

Vitamins that dissolve in water.

Question 20

Night blindness

Answer 20

Reduced ability to see in dim light, caused by deficiency in vitamin A.

Question 21

Rickets

Answer 21

A disease that contains symptoms that are crooked legs and misshapen breast bones, caused by deficiency in vitamin C.

Question 22

Dietary antioxidant

Answer 22

A substance in foods that significantly reduces the harmful effects of oxygen on normal body functions.

Question 23

Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM)

Answer 23

A disease that contains symptoms that include fatigue and weight loss, caused by a deficiency in protein.

Question 24

Beriberi

Answer 24

A disease of the nervous system that begins with numbness in the feet and ankles, followed by cramping pains in the legs, it can lead to paralysis and potentially fatal heart disturbances, caused by a deficiency in thiamin.

Question 25

Pellagra

Answer 25

A disease caused by a deficiency in niacin, symptoms include skin lesions and digestive problems, this can lead to mental disorders and, in serious cases, death.

Question 26

Anemia

Answer 26

A deficiency in folate this reduces the number of red blood cells in the blood stream, which decreases the amount of oxygen the blood can carry. Symptoms include weakness and fatigue.

Question 27

Macro minerals

Answer 27

Minerals needed in the diet in amount of 100 or more milligrams each day.

Question 28

Trace elements

Answer 28

Minerals needed in less than 100 milligrams per day.

Question 29

Osteoporosis

Answer 29

Caused by a deficiency of calcium, symptoms include porous and brittle bones.

Question 30

Hypertension

Answer 30

Caused by too much sodium in a diet which results in high blood pressure.

Question 31

Scurvy

Answer 31

A disease caused by a deficiency of vitamin C, symptoms include weakness, bleeding gums, tooth loss and internal bleeding.

Question 32

Goiter

Answer 32

Visible enlargement of the thyroid gland.

Question 33

Digestion

Answer 33

The bodily process of breaking down food to simpler compounds the body can use.

Question 34

Absorption

Answer 34

The process of taking in nutrients and making them part of the body.

Question 35

Peristalsis

Answer 35

The process of muscles pushing through the digestive track.

Question 36

Saliva

Answer 36

A mucus and enzyme containing liquid by the mouth. It moistens food particles helping them move down the esophagus into the stomach.

Question 37

Metabolism

Answer 37

The chemical process that takes place in the cells after the body absorbs nutrients.

Question 38

Mineral

Answer 38

An inorganic substance that makes up 4% of your body weight. Minerals become part of the bones, soft tissues and body fluids. They also help regulate body processes.