Chapter 2 Flashcards
threads
features/elements
Vanier Institute of the Family
Any combination of two or more persons who are bound together over time by ties of mutual consent, birth and/or adoption or placement and who, together, assume responsibilities for variant combinations of some of the following:
Physical maintenance and care of group members
Addition of new members through procreation or adoption
Socialization of children
Social control of members
Production, consumption, distribution of goods and services
Affective nurturance – love
Contraindications for CFAM assessment
- Compromises individuation of a member
Ex. Controlling parents, abusive situations, if someone is trying to individuate themselves outside of the family structure (going to uni) - Context limits leverage
intervention
usually implies a one-time act with clear boundaries, frequently offering something or doing something to someone else.” Interventions are normally purposeful and conscious and usually involve observable
behaviors of the nurse.
Intent of interventions
To effect change
“Fit” between intervention offered and family’s biopsychosocial-spiritual structure
Collaborative relationship
Contradictions for Family Intervention
All members do not wish to pursue
Members would prefer to work with another professional
Levels of Practice
-Family as context:
- Family as client:
- Family Therapy:
-Family as context: undergrad focus
- Family as client: family systems nursing
grad focus
- Family Therapy: a distinct discipline
Postmodernism
idea that there are multiple truths and POV’s that are worthy of consideration (pluralism).
Multiple realities in this world
Postmodernisim is a debate about knowledge
Systems Theory
- Family systems are part of a larger system and composed of subsystems
*The whole is greater than the sum of the parts - A change in one member affects all
- Families create balance between change and stability
- Behaviours are better understood through circular than linear causality
- Linear patterns are limited to sequences (e.g., A → B → C) whereas circular patterns form a closed loop and are recursive (e.g., A → B → C → A → . . . or A → B, B → C, C → A).
Cybernetics
- the science of communication and control theory
- concerned with changing focus from substance to form.
- Family systems have self regulating ability
- Feedback processes can occur simultaneously at several systems levels
–> simple cybernetics: e.g., a wife criticizes, the husband withdraws
Communications Theory
- All nonverbal communication is meaningful
- Two major channels of communication: digital and analog
- Dyadic relationships include symmetry and complementarity
- Content and relationship levels of communication
- Communication consists of what is being said (content) and information
that defines the nature of the relationship between those interacting. For example,
a father might say to his son, “Come over here, son. I want to tell
you something,” or he might say, “Get over here. I’ve got something to tell
you!” These statements are similar in content, but each implies a very different
relationship - Digital communication is commonly referred to as verbal communication
- Analogical communication consists not only of the usual types of NVC, such as body posture, facial expression, and tone, but also of music, poetry, and painting.
- For example, a man who is obese and proudly states that he lost 15 pounds in a month sends a more positive message, both digitally and analogically, than a man who is emaciated and states that he lost 15 pounds.
- When discrepancies exist between analogical and digital communication, then the analogical message is considered more pertinent to the nurse’s observing eye.
Change Theory
Dependent on perception of problem
Determined by structure
Changes that occur in living systems (i.e., human systems) are governed by the present structure of that system.
Dependent on context
Dependent on coevolving treatment goals
Can have numerous causes
Not based on understanding alone
rarely occur by increasing a family’s understanding of problems but rather through effecting changes in their beliefs and/or behavior.
Does not occur equally in all members
Facilitating is the nurse’s responsibility
Occurs through fit between interventions and family members’ structures
First order change
-change occurring within a given system that remains unchanged itself.
change in quantity, not quality. First-order change involves
using the same problem-solving strategies over and over again
When a problem is addressed by performing more or less of a given action within the exisiting system
Example: he learning of a new behavioral strategy to deal with a child’s excessive computer use. A parent who formerly disciplined his child by restricting the child’s access to the computer is said to have undergone first-order change when he then limits the child’s spending money.
Second order change
changes the system
actual changes in the rules governing the system must occur, and therefore the system is structurally transformed.
example, when a family now spends more time together and is able to raise conflictual issues with one another as a result of resolving their teenager’s refusal to eat with the family.
Spontaneous change
problem resolution occurs in daily living without the input of professionals or sophisticated theories.
example, an anorexic young woman suddenly and apparently spontaneously begins to eat regularly after 2 years of not
