Chapter 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Matter is

A

Anything that has mass and takes up space

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2
Q

What 4 states does matter exist?

A

Solid, liquid, gas, plasma

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3
Q

All matter is composed of basic substances called?

A

Elements

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4
Q

What 6 elements make up 95% of organisms body weight?

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur

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5
Q

How many known naturally occurring elements are there?

A

92

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6
Q

Protons charge?

A

Positive

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7
Q

What is the smallest part of an element?

A

Atom

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8
Q

Neutrons charge?

A

No charge

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9
Q

Electron charge?

A

Negative

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10
Q

Atomic theory is?

A

Idea that elements consist of tiny particles called atoms

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11
Q

The 3 subatomic particles that make up atoms?

A

Proton, Neutron, Electron

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12
Q

What 2 subatomic particles are located in the nucleus?

A

Protons and Neutrons

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13
Q

Electrons are arranged where?

A

Outside the atom in shells

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14
Q

The rows on the periodic table arranged horizontally are called?

A

Periods

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15
Q

The vertical columns on the Periodic Table are called?

A

Groups

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16
Q

The atomic number is?

A

The amount of protons and electrons

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17
Q

Mass number is?

A

Total amount of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

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18
Q

T/F It takes energy to hold electrons in place?

A

True

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19
Q

The atoms in group VIII are?

A

Noble gases

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20
Q

The first electron shell can only hold how many electrons?

A

2

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21
Q

The outer most energy shell of any atom is called?

A

Valence shell

22
Q

The octet rule states?

A

The outer most shell is most stable when it has 8 electrons

23
Q

The second electron shell can hold how many electrons?

A

8

24
Q

What is a molecule?

A

Two or more elements bonded together

25
Q

What is a compound?

A

A molecule containing at least two different elements bonded together

26
Q

What tells the number of each kind of atom in a molecule?

A

Molecular formula

27
Q

What is an ion?

A

An atom that has lost or gained an electron

28
Q

When do ionic bonds form?

A

When atoms bond by transferring electrons from one atom to another

29
Q

A covalent bond results when?

A

Two atoms share electrons to complete an octet

30
Q

What is a nonpolar covalent bond?

A

When electrons are shared equally between atoms

31
Q

What is a polar covalent bond?

A

When sharing of electrons in a covalent bond is not equal

32
Q

Is water polar or non-polar?

A

Polar

33
Q

Water is what type of bond?

A

Covalent bond

34
Q

Are hydrogen bonds weak or strong?

A

Weak bonds

35
Q

Hydrogen bonds take place between?

A

Slightly negative atoms and slightly positive atoms

36
Q

Does water have a high or low heat capacity?

A

High

37
Q

Does water have a high or low heat of evaporation?

A

High

38
Q

T/F Water is a good solvent?

A

True

39
Q

Hydrophilic molecules?

A

Dissolve in water

40
Q

Hydrophobic molecules?

A

Do not dissolve in water

41
Q

What is a solution?

A

Contains dissolved substances

42
Q

Cohesion refers to?

A

The ability of water molecules to cling to each other due to hydrogen bonding

43
Q

Adhesion refers to?

A

The ability of water molecules to cling to other polar surfaces

44
Q

Which is less dense, frozen water or liquid water?

A

Frozen water

45
Q

pH stands for?

A

Potential hydrogen

46
Q

Acids are?

A

Substances that disassociate and water releasing hydrogen ions

47
Q

Bases are?

A

Substances that either take up hydrogen ions or release hydroxide ions

48
Q

What is the pH scale used to indicate?

A

Indicates the acidity or basicity of a solution

49
Q

What are the ranges on the pH scale?

A

0 - 7 = Acidic
7 = Neutral
7 - 14 = Basic

50
Q

What is a buffer?

A

A substance that resist change in pH

51
Q

What is the pH of human blood?

A

7.4