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Microbiology > Chapter 15/19 > Flashcards

Chapter 15/19 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Who founded paleontology?

A

Cuvier

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2
Q

Who proposed catastrophism?

A

Cuvier

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3
Q

What is catastrophism?

A

Theory that changes in earth crust resulted from sudden violent and unusual events

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4
Q

What is paleontology?

A

Branch of science concerned with fossil animals and plants

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5
Q

Who was the first biologist to propose evolution?

A

Lamarck

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6
Q

Who proposed the inheritance of acquired characteristics?

A

Lamarck

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7
Q

What is the inheritance of acquired characteristics

A

If organism changes to adapt to environment, those changes pass onto its offspring

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8
Q

Biogeography is?

A

The study of the geographic distribution of life forms on earth

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9
Q

Fitness is?

A

Relative reproductive success of individual

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10
Q

Artificial selection?

A

Breeder chooses which traits to select that the plants and animals will reproduce

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11
Q

Fossils are?

A

Remains and traces of past life

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12
Q

Transitional fossils?

A

Common ancestor for two different groups of organisms - allow to trace descent of organisms

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13
Q

Homologous structures?

A

Anatomically similar because they are inherited from common ancestors
May be functionally similar or not

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14
Q

Analogous structures?

A

Serve same function - not constructed similar
Do not share common ancestor

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15
Q

Vestigial structures?

A

Fully developed anatomical structures in one group of organisms

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16
Q

Biochemical evidence - all living organisms?

A

Use same basic biochemical molecules
Utilize same DNA triplet code
Utilize same 20 amino acid in proteins

17
Q

Misconception about evolution

A

Theory about how life originated
There are no transitional fossils
Evolution proposes life changed due to random events
Evolution is not observable or testable

18
Q

Who came up with classification

A

Linnaeus

19
Q

DNA barcoding?

A

Uses short DNA sequences from unknown organisms to large database of sequences from known organisms

20
Q

Does eukarya domain have nuclear envelope

A

Yes

21
Q

Does bacteria or archaea have nuclear envelopes

A

No

22
Q

Do all 3 domain have ribosomes

A

Yes

23
Q

Phylogeny is?

A

Evolutionary history of a group

24
Q

Cladistics?

A

Method uses shared derived traits to develop hypothesis of evolutionary history

25
Q

Clade is?

A

Evolutionary branch that includes common ancestor together with all descendant species

26
Q

Cladistics is guided by the principle of

A

Parsimony (consider simplest explanation = best hypothesis)

27
Q

Homology refers to

A

Structures that stem from common ancestor

Microbiology (5 decks)

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