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Microbiology > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is biology?

A

Scientific study of life

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2
Q

Living organism characteristics

A

Organized
Require materials and energy
Maintain homeostasis
Respond to stimuli
Reproduce and develop
Have adaptations

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3
Q

Levels of biological organization range from

A

Atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ system, organism, species, population, community, ecosystem and biosphere

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4
Q

Biosphere?

A

Zone of air, land, and water where organisms exist

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5
Q

Ecosystem is?

A

Community plus its physical environment

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6
Q

Community is?

A

Collection of interacting populations within same environment

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7
Q

Homeostasis is?

A

The ability to maintain a stable internal environment

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8
Q

Development is?

A

Series of steps that an organism goes through to become an adult

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9
Q

Adaptation?

A

Any modification that makes an organism better able to function in a particular environment

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10
Q

Evolution is?

A

Change in a population of organisms over time to become more suited to the environment

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11
Q

Natural selection?

A

Describes the process by which living organisms are descended from a common ancestor

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12
Q

Population is?

A

All the members of a species within an area

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13
Q

Species is?

A

Group of similar interbreeding organisms

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14
Q

When is an organism formed?

A

When organ systems are joined together

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15
Q

Organs work together to form?

A

Organ systems

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16
Q

Similar cells combine together to form?

A

Tissues

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17
Q

Molecules join to form larger molecules within a?

A

Cell

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18
Q

The organization of life begins with?

A

Atoms

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19
Q

Life requires?

A

Materials and energy

20
Q

Energy is?

A

The capacity to do work

21
Q

Metabolism is?

A

All chemical reactions that occur in a cell

22
Q

Photosynthesis is?

A

Process that converts solar energy into the chemical energy of carbs

23
Q

Theory of evolution suggest?

A

How all living things descended from a common ancestor

24
Q

Natural selection is the evolutionary mechanism proposed by?

A

Charles Darwin

25
Q

Taxonomy is?

A

Identifies, names, and classifies organisms according to certain rules

26
Q

Systematics is?

A

Study of evolutionary relationships between organisms

27
Q

Classification categories from least to most inclusive?

A

Species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, and domain

28
Q

To specify an organism you must use full binomial name such as?

A

Homo sapiens

29
Q

Domain Archaea characteristics

A

Contain unicellular prokaryotes
Live in extreme environment
Various shapes

30
Q

Prokaryotes lack?

A

Membrane bound nucleus

31
Q

Domain bacteria characteristics

A

Contain unicellular prokaryotes
Live in all environments including our skin, intestines or mouths
Various shapes
Absorb or photosynthesis food

32
Q

Domain Eukarya characteristics

A

Contain unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes

33
Q

Eukaryotes contain a?

A

Membrane bound nucleus

34
Q

Domain Eukarya kingdoms?

A

Kingdom animalia
Kingdom plantae
Kingdom Fungi
Protist (composed of several kingdoms)

35
Q

Scientific method is?

A

Standard series of steps used to gain new knowledge through research

36
Q

Scientific method 5 steps in order?

A

Observation, hypothesis, predictions and experiments, data collection and conclusion

37
Q

Hypothesis is?

A

explanation for what was observed

38
Q

Experiment is?

A

Series of procedures designed to test hypothesis

39
Q

The manner in which scientists conduct an experiment is called?

A

Experimental design

40
Q

Independent variable in an experiment is?

A

Considered the cause of a experiment

41
Q

Dependent variable in an experiment is?

A

Considered the effect of the experiment

42
Q

Test group is?

A

Exposed to the experimental variable

43
Q

The control group is?

A

Not exposed to the experimental variable

44
Q

Data is?

A

The results of an experiment

45
Q

Scientific theory?

A

Concepts that join together two or more well supported and related hypothesis

46
Q

Scientific law/principle?

A

Widely accepted set of theories

47
Q

Extinction is?

A

Death of the last member of a species

Microbiology (5 decks)

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