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OB Exam Two > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what is infertility

A

inability conceive when desired

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2
Q

who is affected by infertility

A

woman 34 or less not conceived within twelve months of actively attempting or over 34 actively attempting for six months

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3
Q

what are some sperm abnormalities that could cause infertility

A

overall number, size, shape, motility, autoimmune disorders varicoeles (enlarged testicular vein), meds, illicit drugs, alcohol, smoking, tight clothing

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4
Q

what are some abnormal Seminal fluid that could cause infertility

A

Seminal fluid Carrie sperm, sperm coagulates immediately after ejaculation and liquefies within 30 minutes

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5
Q

what are some abnormal ejaculations that could affect infertility

A

retrograde ejaculation Semen release into bladder instead of penis, hypospadias release closer to vaginal opening rather than cervix

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6
Q

what are some female factors that cause infertility

A

depends on production of normal ova, path from ovary to uterus, endometrium to support pregnancies

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7
Q

what is the first step to determine infertility in women

A

determine if regular ovulation is occurring

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8
Q

what are some disorders of ovulation that cause infertility

A

balanced, timed interaction between hypothalamus, ovary and pituitary

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9
Q

what are some causes for disorder of ovulation

A

chemo, excessive alcohol use, PCOS, smoking, menopause, amenorrhea

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10
Q

what is something abnormal in the fallopian tubes that could cause infertility

A

blockage of the tubes from infection, endometritis, pelvic surgery

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11
Q

what are some abnormal things that could happen in uterus/cervix/ovaries to cause infertility

A

congenital abnormalities of reproductive tract, uterine myomas (benign tumor), PCOS,

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12
Q

what should women avoid that affects Ph

A

douching

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13
Q

what are some hormone abnormalities that could affect infertility

A

can interfere with ovulation, uterine lining development, ovum development and release

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14
Q

what is coital frequency for infertility

A

intercourse every 48 hours around ovulation time

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15
Q

what age does fertility start to decline

A

35

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16
Q

how does smoking cause infertility

A

supresses immune system leading to loss of reproductive function

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17
Q

how does exercise/diet/weight affect infertility

A

excessive exercise decreases fertility and obesity causes ovarian dysfunction

18
Q

how does emotions play a role in infertility

A

doesnt cause it but having a baby becomes a job

19
Q

what is the first test for men when worried about infertility and how is the sample collected

A

semen analysis for quantity and quality, the sample needs to be collected after 2-3 days abstinence and get to a lab within an hour

20
Q

how do drugs/chemical exposure effect fertility

A

chemo, antihistamines (decrease vaginal secretions), NSAIDs block egg release

21
Q

what female testing is done to determine fertility

A

US to ID maturation/release of ovum, endocrine, hormone issues

22
Q

what is a hysterosalpingogram

A

xray to evaluate reproductive organs like uterus and fallopian tubes

23
Q

what is a PCT postcoital test

A

assess cervical mucus, sperm, degree of sperm penetration through cervical mucus, taken from cervical mucosa several hours after intercourse

24
Q

what does the med Clomiphene citrate (clomid) do

A

helps ovulate, triggers release of FSH and LH which stimulates ovulation

25
Q

what does the med progesterone do

A

promotes implantation and pregnancy support

26
Q

what are some complications for infertility meds

A

ovarian hyperstimulation (clomid), ovarian enlargement, ascites with or without pain, plueral effusion

27
Q

what is a transcercal tuboplasty

A

corrects fallopian tube abnormalities

28
Q

what does an endoscopic treatment do

A

corrects obstructions

29
Q

what does a laproscopic treatment do

A

ablation of endometrial implants, helps patients with endometriosis

30
Q

what is a varicocelectomy

A

corrects varicosele in testicle (enlarged vein in the testicles that caused too much heat for sperm to survive)

31
Q

what is therapeutic insemination

A

placement of semen at cervical OS or in uterus, partner or donor sperm (washed first and put in solution to help with motility)

32
Q

what does ZIFT stand for

A

zygote intrafallopian transfer

33
Q

how does a ZIFT work

A

oocytes fertilized outside of body and zygote placed in distal fallopian tube

34
Q

what goes GIFT stand for

A

gamete intrafallopian transfer

35
Q

how does GIFT work

A

must have one patent fallopian tube, 3-5 oocytes harvester from ovary and placed in catheter with washed sperm then injected into fallopian tube

36
Q

what does IVF stand for

A

invitro fertilization

37
Q

how does IVF work

A

retrieval of occytes combined with sperm in lab then into uterus

38
Q

what does FET stand for

A

frozen embryo transfer

39
Q

how does FET work

A

must have one patent fallopian tube, oocyte fertilized outside body and then the embryo is placed into the uterus for implantation

40
Q

what med is given for therapeutic insemination

A

clomiophene to induce ovulation

OB Exam Two (8 decks)

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