Chapter 2

Question 1

What is Natural Language?

Answer 1

Expressive and easy to use.

Is verbose, unstructured, and ambiguous.

Question 2

What are Programming Languages?

Answer 2

Structured and designed for computers.

Grammatically fussy and cryptic.

Question 3

What is Pseudocode?

Answer 3

Used to design algorithms prior to coding them.

In between Natural and Programming Language.

Question 4

What are the differences between flowcharts and pseudocode

Answer 4

Pseudocode can be done on any word processor, while flowcharts require special programs.

Pseudocode is not visual or standard, while flowcharts are visual and standardized.

Pseudocode implements design elements well, while flowcharts are more difficult to modify.

Question 5

What does an rounded square mean in a flowchart?

Answer 5

It means to start or to stop.

Question 6

What does a parallelogram mean in a flowchart?

Answer 6

It means to input or output something.

Question 7

What does a normal rectangle mean in a flowchart?

Answer 7

They usually indicate a process occurring like addition, subtraction, multiplication, or division.

Question 8

What does a diamond mean in a flow chart?

Answer 8

Diamond indicates a conditional/while statement.

Question 9

How many tasks does a sequential operation handle?

Answer 9

It handles one task at a time.

Question 10

What are the three basic sequential operations?

Answer 10

Input: Retrieves data

Output: Sends data

Computation: A single numeric calculation

Question 11

What is a sequential algorithm comprised of?

Answer 11

Sequential operations.

Question 12

What is a variable?

Answer 12

A named storage location.

Question 13

What is a control operation?

Answer 13

It changes the normal flow of control.

Question 14

What statement asks a question and selects among alternative options?

Answer 14

A conditional statement.

Question 15

What is an iteration?

Answer 15

An operation that causes looping of instructions.

Question 16

What statement causes repetition when a condition remains true, but can also prevent a loop from being performed?

Answer 16

A while loop.

Question 17

What is a continuation condition?

Answer 17

A test to see of looping should continue.

Question 18

What do you call the instructions that get repeated?

Answer 18

The loop body.

Question 19

What is a Do/While statement?

Answer 19

A process where the continuation condition appears at the end and the loop body happens at least once.

Question 20

What are the three primitive operations?

Answer 20

Sequential, conditional, and iterative.

Question 21

What is algorithm discovery?

Answer 21

When you work towards a correct, efficient solution.

Question 22

A collection of pre-written, useful algorithms is called a what?

Answer 22

Library.

Question 23

What are the two parts to an algorithm?

Answer 23

1 - Sliding the pattern along the text

2 - Determine if there’s a match at that location

Question 24

What is the abstraction method?

Answer 24

Focusing on high level, not details

Question 25

Which method starts with the big picture and gradually elaborate parts?

Answer 25

Top-down design.

Question 26

What is the IPO Table?

Answer 26

Also known as Input Processing Output table, it’s a table that helps identify all inputs, outputs, and processes.

Question 27

What figure(s) of speech are Inputs and Outputs?

Answer 27

Nouns and Adjectives.

Question 28

What category in the IPO table encapsulates verbs and adverbs?

Answer 28

The processing section.

Question 29

What does the truth table for the & statement look like?

Answer 29

Anything that isn’t both true is false.

Question 30

What does the truth table for or look like?

Answer 30

Anything that isn’t both false is true.

Question 31

What does a data type do?

Answer 31

It tells compiler how much space it can dedicate.