Chapter 1

Question 1

What is a computer?

Answer 1

An electronic device that operates under control from instructions in its memory.

Question 2

What came about in generation one of computers? (1951-1958)

Answer 2

Vacuum tubes
Excess usage of electricity
ENIAC - Trajectory computer
UNIVAC - First commercially available computer

Question 3

What came about in the 2nd generation of computers? (1959-1963)

Answer 3

Transistors, meaning less heat
More reliable computers

Question 4

What came about in the 3rd generation of computers? (1964-1970)

Answer 4

Integrated circuits and higher speed

Question 5

What came about in the 4th generation of computers? ( 1971-present)

Answer 5

Microprocessors
Personal Computers
Apple II
IBM PC
WWW
ARPANET
Computers being cheaper, smaller, and better in general

Question 6

What does the 5th generation of computers entail? (Future)

Answer 6

Artificial Intelligence

Question 7

What are the main components of a computer?

Answer 7

Input devices, output devices, CPU, memory, and auxiliary storage devices

Question 8

What contains the electronic units of the computer that process data?

Answer 8

System Unit

Question 9

What enables a computer to send and receive data to and from one or more computers?

Answer 9

Communications Device

Question 10

Name some advantages of using computers:

Answer 10

Speed
Reliability
Consistency
Storage
Communications

Question 11

Name some disadvantages of computers:

Answer 11

Violation of privacy
Public safety
Impact on labor force
Health risks
Impact on environment

Question 12

What is an operating system an example of?

Answer 12

Systems Software

Question 13

What are examples of Programming Environments?

Answer 13

Editers
Linkers
Compilers
Interpreters
Debuggers

Question 14

What are some examples of application software?

Answer 14

Paint, Microsoft One Drive,

Question 15

What are some attributes of human computers?

Answer 15

-Calculations are made with minimal aid
-Uses repetitious calculations
-Used algorithms

-Examples include recipes, directions, numeric calculations

Question 16

What are some attributes of electronic computers?

Answer 16

-They have history of development
-They’re very dumb and can do only what they’re told
-Good at remembering data
-Quick at processing data

Question 17

How do computers do the right thing?

Answer 17

They use language of humans, language of computers, data representation, and instruction representation

Question 18

What is an algorithm?

Answer 18

A set of step by step instructions that are sequential

Question 19

What is an algorithm that has been translated?

Answer 19

A program

Question 20

What is binary?

Answer 20

Machine language

Question 21

What do you call an assembly language?

Answer 21

Mmemonic

Question 22

What are “Human Numbers?”

Answer 22

Decimal, or base 10

Question 23

What is the base for binary?

Answer 23

Base 2

Question 24

What is the definition of Computer Science?

Answer 24

The study of algorithms.

Question 25

What are some topics included when studying algorithms?

Answer 25

-Their formal and mathematical properties
-Hardware realizations
-Linguistic realizations
-Applications

Question 26

What are the three types of operations?

Answer 26

Sequential
Conditional
Iterative

Question 27

What is the name for a machine, robot, person, or thing carrying out algorithm steps?

Answer 27

Computing Agent

Question 28

What is usually responsible for an infinite loop?

Answer 28

A mistake

Question 29

“A well-ordered collection of unambiguous and effectively computable operations that, when executed, produces a result and halts in a finite amount of time” is the definition of what?

Answer 29

Computer Science