Chapter 2 Flashcards
When was psychology founded? Who founded psychology?
1879; Wilhelm Wundt
Who was Wilhelm Wundt?
founder of psych
first psych lab in Germany to study sensation, perception, and reaction
used introspection (coined by Titchener)
timeline:
significance of The Greeks to psychology
Greek thinkers were precursors to a biopsychosocial perspective on illness; believed the mind and body were interconnected
believed in treatment like prayer, special foods, bathing, dream analysis, animal sacrifice
who was Hippocrates
Hippocrates (Greek Physician) Hippocratic Corpus - the disease was an imbalance of 4 bodily fluids
- illness was believed to originate from one’s environment
- stressors viewed as prohibiting healing
- believed in heredity and trauma can cause illness
who was plato, aristotle, and galen
plato saw spirit or soul as being in charge of body / saw soul as host of problems that result in illness
aristotle saw logic and reason of the brain to be connected and influence emotions and behaviors
galen used the work of plato and aristotle to deelp holistic program of medical practice tat became the foundation of medical practice in Europe
- health,illness, personality, and behavior as interconnected
what was the significance of the middle ages
introduction of supernatural influence on illness; no interconnectedness of mind and body
(turbulent time, Black Plague, war, split of church, etc seen as result of demons, witches, spirits)
patients often tortured, chained, imprisoned, institutionalized, executed
who was Saint Thomas Aquinas
middle ages; believed in both theological truth and scientific truth
did not believe the soul could be ill, so believed physical causes result in problems in reason, passion, mental illness
what happened during the Renaissance period?
the renewal of interest in the physical and medical worlds over the supernatural and religious views
discoveries of many sciences and math; biomedical reductionism (disease and illness understood by scientific observation and experimentation
biological perspective emphasized
who was Rene Descartes
philosopher of The Renaissance period
argued mind and body were separate; dualism became Western medicine reality
who has the second psych lab
G Stanley Hall
second lab at Johns Hopkins
1883
what was the first psych text
by William James
1890
Principles of Psychology
when was clinical psych founded (not the APA) ad by who?
founded as a specialty in APA in 1896 ( yrs after APA foundation 1892)
by Lightner Witmer - 1st clinic at Univ of Pennsylvania
who was Alfred Binet?
french scientist and attorney
1885 first psych lab in France
developed test to investigate mental abilities in children - intelligence test for children in schools
what was freud’s influence
proposed that unconscious conflicts and emotional influences could bring about mental and physical illness
reawakened Greek ideologies of holistic views
what was the influence of WWI on psychology
in WWI, recruits needed t be classified based on intellectual and psychological functioning
psych committee developed Army Alpha (verbal) and Army Beta (nonverbal) intelligence test that could be given to very large groups at one time
allowed for psychology to advance an develop testing for intelligence, personality psychological functioning etc. (i.e. Rorschach, Word Association, etc.)
