Chapter 1

Question 1

When was clinical psychology (APA) founded? What famous psychologist was the founder of the APA?

Answer 1

1892
G. Stanley Hall

Question 2

How many members were in the founding group of the APA? 1/2 of the founding members were what?

Answer 2

31 members
philosophers

Question 3

what was the purpose of the APA?

Answer 3

to advance/ground psychology as a science - not just a practice.

Question 4

What happened to the APA in 1902? Similarly, what happened to the APA in 1917?

As a result of these events, what occurred in 1919?

Answer 4

In 1902, philosophers leave the APA

In 1917, clinical psych members leave the APA and found the American Association of Clinical Psychology

In 1919, APA establishes section of clinical psych and another section of counseling psych, so the clinical psychologists rejoin the APA (tension btwn clinical and counseling sections)

Question 5

What year was the Association of Counseling Psychology (ACP) founded?

Answer 5

1930

Question 6

What year was the American Association of Applied Psychologists founded? What were the 4 sections of the AAAP?

Answer 6

1938
counseling, clinical, educational, IO

Question 7

What significant event occurred in 1988 for psychology and academics?

Answer 7

split of academics and psychology
founded the American Psychological Science (APS); but still more clinicians than academics so academics left; APA vs APS

Question 8

what are the 3 graduate levels/options for studying contemporary clinical psychology?

Answer 8

Psy D. (more practitioner work; less science)
Ph.D. (scientist, practitioner, & psychologist)
clinical scientist model - research

Question 9

what is clinical psychology?

Answer 9

clinical psychology uses principles of psychology and the principles come from both theory and research used the better understand, predict, alleviate, and prevent intellectual, emotional, biological, psychological, and behavioral aspects of human functioning

Question 10

What are the 2 aspects of the perspective of clinical psychology?

Answer 10

1. use of the scientific method/science
2. embraces biopsychosocial model

Question 11

what is the scientific method?

Question 12

what is the biopsychosocial approach?

Answer 12

-emphasis on biology, genetics, hormones, etc.
-emphasis on psychology, feelings, mental health, etc.
-emphasis on society, diversity, culture, etc.

it is integrative, systematic, and multidimensional
- if one part is altered, all parts (the whole) is affected

it is unlike the medical model - no ideology of cause and effect

Question 13

How do you become a clinical psychologist?

Answer 13

in short: education –> training –> PhD/PsyD

NO MASTERS LEVEL OPTIONS

-take PhD route (20:1 application acceptance ratio)
-take PsyD route (2 or 1.5:1 app/acceptance ratio
-take PhD in counseling psych route (7:1) (a bit longer: must do an internship (APA accredited) for 1 yr, postdoctoral 1500 hrs supervised clinical work, licensing exam for state&pass)

Question 14

what are the activities of clinical psychology?

Answer 14

research, assessments (IQ, forensic, behavioral, diagnostic, etc.), treatment (interventions, evidence, data-based, etc.), teaching, consultation, administration, supervision (do the work and be supervised)

Question 15

what are the populations that clinical psychologists work with?

Answer 15

elderly, adolescents, children, infants, teens, early adult, adults, emerging adults, family, couples,

Question 16

what is an operational definition?

Answer 16

how one is going to measure a construct

Question 17

what are the levels of intervention of clinical psychology?

Answer 17

individual
couple
family
group
organization
industrial/institutional
city/county/state
national

Question 18

what is a child clinical psychologist?

Answer 18

specialize in working with children and families

obtain in-depth training in developmental psychology and child assessment (behavioral therapy, learning disabilities, etc.) and treatment (family therapy, etc.)

work in schools, children’s hospitals, private practice, etc.

• also includes pediatric psychologists who work with children and families specifically in hospital settings where children have significant medical disorders

Question 19

what is the basic road to becoming a clinical psychologist?/what should students do?

Answer 19

college, graduate school (5 yr), clinical internship (1 yr), postdoctoral fellowship (1-2 yrs and supervision), licensure, employment, continuing education, advanced certification

(includes training in research and therapy)

students should take courses in psych, research design, stats, good grades, GRE, clinical experience, research experience

Question 20

what employment settings do clinical psychologists work in?

Answer 20

private practice (35%)
colleges/universities (20%)
hospitals
medical schools
outpatient clinics
businesses/industry
military
etc

Question 21

What is a child clinical psychologist?

Answer 21

specialize in work with children and families
in-depth training on developmental psychology and child assessment (learning disabilities, behavioral disorders) and treatment (family therapy, parent consultation)

commonly work in schools, hospitals, clinics, private practice

may also work with consulting teachers, assisting as a behavioral management

include pediatric psychologists who work with children and families in hospital settings where a child has a significant disorder

Question 22

what is a clinical health psychologist

Answer 22

it is an aggregate of the specific educational, scientific, and professional contributions of the discipline of psychology to the promotion and maintenance of health, the prevention and treatment of illness, the identification of etiologic and diagnostic correlates of health, illness, and related dysfunction, and to the analysis and improvement of the healthcare system and health policy formulation

goal of improving healthy lifestyles and understanding health risks and lifestyle factors that populations endure

Question 23

what is clinical neuropsychology

Answer 23

focuses on brain-behavior relationships

how functioning impacts behavior and behavior-related problems

assesses brain and brain functioning to help assist a patient on strategies to cope

Question 24

what is forensic psychology

Answer 24

the application of psychology to legal issues

uses the principles of human behavior in the judicial and legal systems

may conduct psychological evaluations or provide findings as an expert eye witness in court

Question 25

What is geropsychology

Answer 25

providing a range of psychological services to the elderly members of society

may consult with senior centers, nursing homes, hospital medical units, etc, or provide psychological testing/psychotherapy to elderly patients/families

Question 26

What is the APA

Answer 26

American Psychological Association
founded in 1892
118,000 members representing all specialties of psych
1/2 members = clinical psych
^1/2 have a license to practice in one or more states

provides standards for the education, certification, and ethical conduct of psychologists

Question 27

What is the APS

Answer 27

Association of Psychological Science
founded 1988
academically and scientifically focused and felt APA no longer represented that (said APA was too focused on practice)

Question 28

What is the ABPP

Answer 28

American Board of Professional Psychology
founded 1947
an agency that would certify psychologists in several specialty areas

Question 29

What is counseling psychology?

Answer 29

most similar to clinical psych in actual practice

major in psych, 4 yr grad program, 1 yr clinical internship, postdoctoral training

work in outpatient, college, and vocational settings (hospitals, clinic, private practice, etc.)

treat less major psychiatric issues

Question 30

what is school psychology?

Answer 30

typically work in elementary, secondary, or special education schools providing cognitive testing, counseling, and consultation to the school, teachers, faculty, parents, and students

• only need a master’s degree

Question 31

What is psychiatry?

Answer 31

psychiatrists are physicians who earn a medical degree and complete residency training

bachelors in something premedical (i.e. biology), 4 yr medical school, 1 yr med. clinical internship, residency, licensure,

can prescribe medication and other biological treatments for patients

higher pay

Question 32

what is social work

Answer 32

typically obtain bachelor’s in social science and entered 2 yr grad program, licensure (licensed clinical social worker), receive training in psychotherapy & diagnoses

social work focuses on patient case management, patient advocacy, and acts as a liaison to optimal social service agencies and benefits

conduct psychotherapy