Chapter 1 Flashcards
When was clinical psychology (APA) founded? What famous psychologist was the founder of the APA?
1892
G. Stanley Hall
How many members were in the founding group of the APA? 1/2 of the founding members were what?
31 members
philosophers
what was the purpose of the APA?
to advance/ground psychology as a science - not just a practice.
What happened to the APA in 1902? Similarly, what happened to the APA in 1917?
As a result of these events, what occurred in 1919?
In 1902, philosophers leave the APA
In 1917, clinical psych members leave the APA and found the American Association of Clinical Psychology
In 1919, APA establishes section of clinical psych and another section of counseling psych, so the clinical psychologists rejoin the APA (tension btwn clinical and counseling sections)
What year was the Association of Counseling Psychology (ACP) founded?
1930
What year was the American Association of Applied Psychologists founded? What were the 4 sections of the AAAP?
1938
counseling, clinical, educational, IO
What significant event occurred in 1988 for psychology and academics?
split of academics and psychology
founded the American Psychological Science (APS); but still more clinicians than academics so academics left; APA vs APS
what are the 3 graduate levels/options for studying contemporary clinical psychology?
Psy D. (more practitioner work; less science)
Ph.D. (scientist, practitioner, & psychologist)
clinical scientist model - research
what is clinical psychology?
clinical psychology uses principles of psychology and the principles come from both theory and research used the better understand, predict, alleviate, and prevent intellectual, emotional, biological, psychological, and behavioral aspects of human functioning
What are the 2 aspects of the perspective of clinical psychology?
- use of the scientific method/science
- embraces biopsychosocial model
what is the scientific method?
what is the biopsychosocial approach?
-emphasis on biology, genetics, hormones, etc.
-emphasis on psychology, feelings, mental health, etc.
-emphasis on society, diversity, culture, etc.
it is integrative, systematic, and multidimensional
- if one part is altered, all parts (the whole) is affected
it is unlike the medical model - no ideology of cause and effect
How do you become a clinical psychologist?
in short: education –> training –> PhD/PsyD
NO MASTERS LEVEL OPTIONS
-take PhD route (20:1 application acceptance ratio)
-take PsyD route (2 or 1.5:1 app/acceptance ratio
-take PhD in counseling psych route (7:1) (a bit longer: must do an internship (APA accredited) for 1 yr, postdoctoral 1500 hrs supervised clinical work, licensing exam for state&pass)
what are the activities of clinical psychology?
research, assessments (IQ, forensic, behavioral, diagnostic, etc.), treatment (interventions, evidence, data-based, etc.), teaching, consultation, administration, supervision (do the work and be supervised)
what are the populations that clinical psychologists work with?
elderly, adolescents, children, infants, teens, early adult, adults, emerging adults, family, couples,
what is an operational definition?
how one is going to measure a construct
what are the levels of intervention of clinical psychology?
individual
couple
family
group
organization
industrial/institutional
city/county/state
national
what is a child clinical psychologist?
specialize in working with children and families
obtain in-depth training in developmental psychology and child assessment (behavioral therapy, learning disabilities, etc.) and treatment (family therapy, etc.)
work in schools, children’s hospitals, private practice, etc.
- also includes pediatric psychologists who work with children and families specifically in hospital settings where children have significant medical disorders
what is the basic road to becoming a clinical psychologist?/what should students do?
college, graduate school (5 yr), clinical internship (1 yr), postdoctoral fellowship (1-2 yrs and supervision), licensure, employment, continuing education, advanced certification
(includes training in research and therapy)
students should take courses in psych, research design, stats, good grades, GRE, clinical experience, research experience
what employment settings do clinical psychologists work in?
private practice (35%)
colleges/universities (20%)
hospitals
medical schools
outpatient clinics
businesses/industry
military
etc
What is a child clinical psychologist?
specialize in work with children and families
in-depth training on developmental psychology and child assessment (learning disabilities, behavioral disorders) and treatment (family therapy, parent consultation)
commonly work in schools, hospitals, clinics, private practice
may also work with consulting teachers, assisting as a behavioral management
include pediatric psychologists who work with children and families in hospital settings where a child has a significant disorder
what is a clinical health psychologist
it is an aggregate of the specific educational, scientific, and professional contributions of the discipline of psychology to the promotion and maintenance of health, the prevention and treatment of illness, the identification of etiologic and diagnostic correlates of health, illness, and related dysfunction, and to the analysis and improvement of the healthcare system and health policy formulation
goal of improving healthy lifestyles and understanding health risks and lifestyle factors that populations endure
what is clinical neuropsychology
focuses on brain-behavior relationships
how functioning impacts behavior and behavior-related problems
assesses brain and brain functioning to help assist a patient on strategies to cope
what is forensic psychology
the application of psychology to legal issues
uses the principles of human behavior in the judicial and legal systems
may conduct psychological evaluations or provide findings as an expert eye witness in court
