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MBIO > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the smallest chemical unit of matter

A

atom

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2
Q

What is element ?

A

It is matter composed of one type of atom

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3
Q

What is a molecule ?

A

combination of two or more atom

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4
Q

What is the combination of different types of atoms ?

A

compound

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5
Q

What is in the center of an atom ?

A

nucleus

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6
Q

What is the nucleus of an atom composed of ?

A

protons and neutrons

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7
Q

What is the charge of the protons ?

A

positive charge

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8
Q

What is the charge of the neutrons ?

A

neutral charge

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9
Q

Where are the electrons found in an atom ?

A

outside of the nucleus of an atom on shells of the atom

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10
Q

What is the charge of the electrons ?

A

negatively charge

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11
Q

What is the purpose of the electron in an atom ?

A

It is to stabilize the positive charge of the nucleus

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12
Q

How are chemical bonds form between atoms ?

A

It is formed the interactions of electrons on the outer shells of atoms

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13
Q

What is the goal of every atom and how is it done ?

A

It is to become chemically stable and this is done by filling the outermost shell with atom

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14
Q

What is an ion ?

A

It is an atom that is positive or negatively charge

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15
Q

What is the charge of an atom that looses an electron ?

A

It is positive charge

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16
Q

What is the charge of an atom that gained an electron ?

A

negative charge

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17
Q

What are type of chemical bonds found in a living organism ?

A

It is ionic bonding ,covalent bonding and hydrogen bonds

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18
Q

How are covalent bonds form ?

A

Formed by sharing electrons

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19
Q

What is weakest bond among ionic,covalent and hydrogen bonds ?

A

hydrogen bonds

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20
Q

What is the purpose of hydrogen bonds ?

A

It is to serve to bridge separate molecules together

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21
Q

What does organic molecules contain ?

A

carbon and hydrogen

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22
Q

What are the four major classes of organic molecules make up the building
blocks of life ?

A

Carbohydrates,Lipids,Proteins and Nucleic Acid

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23
Q

Types of Carbohydrates ?

A

Monosaccharides-one saccharides
Disaccharides-two saccharides
Polysaccharides-many saccharides

24
Q

What is the purpose of Lipids ?

A

It is used to store energy and it is essential to the structure and function of membranes

25
Q

What are Fats made from ?

A

Made from a glycerol backbone
+1 or more fatty acids

26
Q

Monoacylglycerides

A

1 fatty acid

27
Q

Diacylglycerides:

A

2 fatty acid

28
Q

Triacylglycerides:

A

3 fatty acid

29
Q

Types of fatty acid ?

A

saturated =no double bonds
unsaturated= double bonds

30
Q

What is phospholipids made up of ?

A

2 fatty acids,
and a phosphate group

31
Q

phosphate group

A

polar and hydrophillic

32
Q

fatty acid

A

non polar and hydrophobic

33
Q

What type of membrane does saturated fatty acid make ?

A

more solid

34
Q

What type of membrane does unsaturated fatty acid make ?

A

more fluid

35
Q

What are Steroids built on ?

A

built on hydrophobic 4 ring structure

36
Q

Which organisms are steroids found ?

A

Eukaryotes not prokaryotes

37
Q

What are protein made up of ?

A

building blocks name amino acid

38
Q

What element does all amino acid contain ?

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen
some Sulphur

39
Q

How many type of amino acid doe s protein typicaly has ?

A

20
have at least one amino (-NH2) and one carboxyl (-COOH) group

40
Q

What type of bond does amino acids ?

A

covalent peptide bond

41
Q

What is protein ?

A

polypeptide = chain of amino acid

42
Q

What are types of nucleic acids ?

A

DNA-deoxyribonucleic acid
RNA-ribonucleic acid

43
Q

What are nucleic acid build of ?

A

building blocks called nucleotide

44
Q

What are the three parts of nucleotide ?

A

Nitrogenous base
Pentose sugar- 5 carbon sugar
Phosphate

45
Q

What are the 2 type of Nitrogenous base?

A

Purine = 2 rings
Pyrimidine =1 ring

46
Q

What are the nitrogen base does Purine contains ?

A

Adenine (A) or Guanine (G)

47
Q

What does Pyrimidine contains ?

A

Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), Uracil (U

48
Q

What are nucleotides joined together ?

A

by covalent bonds to form a strand of nucleic acid

49
Q

What are the Nitrogen bases of DNA ?

A

: A, G, T and C

50
Q

What is the structure of DNA ?

A

Double stranded

51
Q

What type of sugar does DNA has ?

A

deoxyribose

52
Q

What is the purpose of DNA ?

A

Stores the genetic info of all cellular organisms

53
Q

What is the function of RNA ?

A

Stores the genetic info of all cellular organisms

54
Q

What type of sugar does RNA has ?

55
Q

What is structure of RNA ?

A

single stranded

56
Q

What is the purpose of RNA ?

A

Involved in communicating the instructions stored in DNA.

57
Q

Base pairing

A

A - T (A-U RNA)
G -C

MBIO (3 decks)

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