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MBIO > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

What is the smallest chemical unit of matter

A

atom

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2
Q

What is element ?

A

It is matter composed of one type of atom

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3
Q

What is a molecule ?

A

combination of two or more atom

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4
Q

What is the combination of different types of atoms ?

A

compound

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5
Q

What is in the center of an atom ?

A

nucleus

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6
Q

What is the nucleus of an atom composed of ?

A

protons and neutrons

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7
Q

What is the charge of the protons ?

A

positive charge

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8
Q

What is the charge of the neutrons ?

A

neutral charge

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9
Q

Where are the electrons found in an atom ?

A

outside of the nucleus of an atom on shells of the atom

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10
Q

What is the charge of the electrons ?

A

negatively charge

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11
Q

What is the purpose of the electron in an atom ?

A

It is to stabilize the positive charge of the nucleus

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12
Q

How are chemical bonds form between atoms ?

A

It is formed the interactions of electrons on the outer shells of atoms

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13
Q

What is the goal of every atom and how is it done ?

A

It is to become chemically stable and this is done by filling the outermost shell with atom

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14
Q

What is an ion ?

A

It is an atom that is positive or negatively charge

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15
Q

What is the charge of an atom that looses an electron ?

A

It is positive charge

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16
Q

What is the charge of an atom that gained an electron ?

A

negative charge

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17
Q

What are type of chemical bonds found in a living organism ?

A

It is ionic bonding ,covalent bonding and hydrogen bonds

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18
Q

How are covalent bonds form ?

A

Formed by sharing electrons

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19
Q

What is weakest bond among ionic,covalent and hydrogen bonds ?

A

hydrogen bonds

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20
Q

What is the purpose of hydrogen bonds ?

A

It is to serve to bridge separate molecules together

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21
Q

What does organic molecules contain ?

A

carbon and hydrogen

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22
Q

What are the four major classes of organic molecules make up the building
blocks of life ?

A

Carbohydrates,Lipids,Proteins and Nucleic Acid

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23
Q

Types of Carbohydrates ?

Study These Flashcards
A

Monosaccharides-one saccharides
Disaccharides-two saccharides
Polysaccharides-many saccharides

24
Q

What is the purpose of Lipids ?

Study These Flashcards
A

It is used to store energy and it is essential to the structure and function of membranes

25
What are Fats made from ?
Made from a glycerol backbone +1 or more fatty acids
26
Monoacylglycerides
1 fatty acid
27
Diacylglycerides:
2 fatty acid
28
Triacylglycerides:
3 fatty acid
29
Types of fatty acid ?
saturated =no double bonds unsaturated= double bonds
30
What is phospholipids made up of ?
2 fatty acids, and a phosphate group
31
phosphate group
polar and hydrophillic
32
fatty acid
non polar and hydrophobic
33
What type of membrane does saturated fatty acid make ?
more solid
34
What type of membrane does unsaturated fatty acid make ?
more fluid
35
What are Steroids built on ?
built on hydrophobic 4 ring structure
36
Which organisms are steroids found ?
Eukaryotes not prokaryotes
37
What are protein made up of ?
building blocks name amino acid
38
What element does all amino acid contain ?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen some Sulphur
39
How many type of amino acid doe s protein typicaly has ?
20 have at least one amino (-NH2) and one carboxyl (-COOH) group
40
What type of bond does amino acids ?
covalent peptide bond
41
What is protein ?
polypeptide = chain of amino acid
42
What are types of nucleic acids ?
DNA-deoxyribonucleic acid RNA-ribonucleic acid
43
What are nucleic acid build of ?
building blocks called nucleotide
44
What are the three parts of nucleotide ?
Nitrogenous base Pentose sugar- 5 carbon sugar Phosphate
45
What are the 2 type of Nitrogenous base?
Purine = 2 rings Pyrimidine =1 ring
46
What are the nitrogen base does Purine contains ?
Adenine (A) or Guanine (G)
47
What does Pyrimidine contains ?
Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), Uracil (U
48
What are nucleotides joined together ?
by covalent bonds to form a strand of nucleic acid
49
What are the Nitrogen bases of DNA ?
: A, G, T and C
50
What is the structure of DNA ?
Double stranded
51
What type of sugar does DNA has ?
deoxyribose
52
What is the purpose of DNA ?
Stores the genetic info of all cellular organisms
53
What is the function of RNA ?
Stores the genetic info of all cellular organisms
54
What type of sugar does RNA has ?
ribose
55
What is structure of RNA ?
single stranded
56
What is the purpose of RNA ?
Involved in communicating the instructions stored in DNA.
57
Base pairing
A - T (A-U RNA) G -C

MBIO (3 decks)

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