Chapter 1 Flashcards
What are the major groups of microorganisms ?
Prokaryotes-Bacteria and Archaea
Eukaryotes-Algae,Fungi,Protozoa
Acellular microbes-Viruses
What is the size of virus?
20 nm-very small
What is the size of a protozoa?
5 mm- Very large
What is the size of a bacteria ?
1 micrometer ,0.001 mm
What is the name of the bacteria that breaks down contamination in the soil from the TNT ?
Clostridium bifermentans
What is bioremediation?
It is the use of living organisms, like microbes and bacteria to remove contaminants, pollutants, and toxins such as coal tars, liquors,petroleum from soil, water, and other environments.
What is the microorganism that perform the function of bioremediation?
bioremediators
What is one of the name bacteria that is use to clean oil spill?
Pseudomonas + fertilizer
What are the name of the bacteria use to make chocolate and their purpose ?
Acetobacter-retrieve the seed during the process of ferment and with yeast
lactobacilli
Lactobactillus-secretes acid to help break park the pod
What is the name of the microbe that is used to make plastic?
Alcaligenes eutrophus
What is the name of the bacteria that is used to give jeans the right fade ?
Alkalothermophilic Thermomonospora
How does Alkalothermophilic Thermomonospora give jeans the right fade?
produce enzyme name cellulose which when mixed with a coarse
denim cloth reduces its hairiness and makes it softer
and lighter.
What is cell theory?
All living organisms are composed of cells
Who built a microscope that could view living microorganism?
Antoni van Leewenhoek in 1673
What was that Antoni van Leeuwenhoek name that used to describe living organism?
animalcules
What is Spontaneous Generation?
belief that some forms of life can arise from a non-living matter
What is biogenesis?
Living matter arises only from pre-existing living things
Who disprove the theory of Spontaneous Generation and in what year ?.
Louis Pasteur-1861
What technique that Louis Pasteur created to disprove Spontaneous Generation?
Aseptic technique
What is Aseptic Technique ?
uses practices and procedures to prevent contamination from pathogens
Who showed that microscopic yeast (fungi) can be convert sugar to alcohol in the absence of oxygen(anaerobic) using the process called fermentation ?
Louis Pasteur
Why does alcohol become sour?
When bacteria enter alcohol, it turn alcohol into vinegar?
What is used to clean surgical instruments and treat surgical wounds?
phenol
Who started to use phenol to clean surgical instruments and treat surgical wounds ?
Joseph Lister 1860’s
What did the use of phenol led to?
disinfectants and antiseptic
Who investigated the cause of anthrax ?
Robert Koch
What did Robert Koch discovers?
that specific microbes causes specific diseases
What is Koch’s postulates ?
a sequence of experimental steps that could be used to find
the causative agent of other diseases
Who created the first successful vaccine and was its purpose?
Edward Jenner
protect oneself from small pox
What is vaccination ?
It is the purposeful exposure to killed or weakened microbe in order to induce an immune response.
`What did Paul Ehrlich discovered ?
discovered certain dyes stained bacteria differently than they stained animal cells
What is is selective toxicity ?
ability of the drug to targets sites that are relative
specific to the microorganism responsible for infection.
Who discovered Salvarsan ?
Paul Ehrlich (1908)
What is Salvarsan ?
an arsenic derivative that could be used
to treat syphilis
What is chemotherapy?
Chemotherapy is a drug treatment that uses powerful chemicals to kill fast-growing cells in your body
What is the first antibiotic ?
Penicillin
What is penicillin?
an antimicrobial chemical produced naturally by
bacteria or fungi.
What did Alexander Fleming (1928) discovered ?
mold inhibited bacterial growth on contaminated plates
which produced a natural compound called penicillin
Who creating the naming system for microrganism and what was the name of the system?
Carl Linnaeus (1674-1748)
Nomenclature:
How did the Nomenclature was used to named a microorganism?
Genus and Species of the organisim
