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MBIO > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the major groups of microorganisms ?

A

Prokaryotes-Bacteria and Archaea
Eukaryotes-Algae,Fungi,Protozoa
Acellular microbes-Viruses

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2
Q

What is the size of virus?

A

20 nm-very small

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3
Q

What is the size of a protozoa?

A

5 mm- Very large

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4
Q

What is the size of a bacteria ?

A

1 micrometer ,0.001 mm

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5
Q

What is the name of the bacteria that breaks down contamination in the soil from the TNT ?

A

Clostridium bifermentans

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6
Q

What is bioremediation?

A

It is the use of living organisms, like microbes and bacteria to remove contaminants, pollutants, and toxins such as coal tars, liquors,petroleum from soil, water, and other environments.

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7
Q

What is the microorganism that perform the function of bioremediation?

A

bioremediators

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8
Q

What is one of the name bacteria that is use to clean oil spill?

A

Pseudomonas + fertilizer

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9
Q

What are the name of the bacteria use to make chocolate and their purpose ?

A

Acetobacter-retrieve the seed during the process of ferment and with yeast
lactobacilli
Lactobactillus-secretes acid to help break park the pod

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10
Q

What is the name of the microbe that is used to make plastic?

A

Alcaligenes eutrophus

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11
Q

What is the name of the bacteria that is used to give jeans the right fade ?

A

Alkalothermophilic Thermomonospora

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12
Q

How does Alkalothermophilic Thermomonospora give jeans the right fade?

A

produce enzyme name cellulose which when mixed with a coarse
denim cloth reduces its hairiness and makes it softer
and lighter.

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13
Q

What is cell theory?

A

All living organisms are composed of cells

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14
Q

Who built a microscope that could view living microorganism?

A

Antoni van Leewenhoek in 1673

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15
Q

What was that Antoni van Leeuwenhoek name that used to describe living organism?

A

animalcules

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16
Q

What is Spontaneous Generation?

A

belief that some forms of life can arise from a non-living matter

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17
Q

What is biogenesis?

A

Living matter arises only from pre-existing living things

18
Q

Who disprove the theory of Spontaneous Generation and in what year ?.

A

Louis Pasteur-1861

19
Q

What technique that Louis Pasteur created to disprove Spontaneous Generation?

A

Aseptic technique

20
Q

What is Aseptic Technique ?

A

uses practices and procedures to prevent contamination from pathogens

21
Q

Who showed that microscopic yeast (fungi) can be convert sugar to alcohol in the absence of oxygen(anaerobic) using the process called fermentation ?

A

Louis Pasteur

22
Q

Why does alcohol become sour?

A

When bacteria enter alcohol, it turn alcohol into vinegar?

23
Q

What is used to clean surgical instruments and treat surgical wounds?

A

phenol

24
Q

Who started to use phenol to clean surgical instruments and treat surgical wounds ?

A

Joseph Lister 1860’s

25
Q

What did the use of phenol led to?

A

disinfectants and antiseptic

26
Q

Who investigated the cause of anthrax ?

A

Robert Koch

27
Q

What did Robert Koch discovers?

A

that specific microbes causes specific diseases

28
Q

What is Koch’s postulates ?

A

a sequence of experimental steps that could be used to find
the causative agent of other diseases

29
Q

Who created the first successful vaccine and was its purpose?

A

Edward Jenner
protect oneself from small pox

30
Q

What is vaccination ?

A

It is the purposeful exposure to killed or weakened microbe in order to induce an immune response.

31
Q

`What did Paul Ehrlich discovered ?

A

discovered certain dyes stained bacteria differently than they stained animal cells

32
Q

What is is selective toxicity ?

A

ability of the drug to targets sites that are relative
specific to the microorganism responsible for infection.

33
Q

Who discovered Salvarsan ?

A

Paul Ehrlich (1908)

34
Q

What is Salvarsan ?

A

an arsenic derivative that could be used
to treat syphilis

35
Q

What is chemotherapy?

A

Chemotherapy is a drug treatment that uses powerful chemicals to kill fast-growing cells in your body

36
Q

What is the first antibiotic ?

A

Penicillin

37
Q

What is penicillin?

A

an antimicrobial chemical produced naturally by
bacteria or fungi.

38
Q

What did Alexander Fleming (1928) discovered ?

A

mold inhibited bacterial growth on contaminated plates
which produced a natural compound called penicillin

39
Q

Who creating the naming system for microrganism and what was the name of the system?

A

Carl Linnaeus (1674-1748)
Nomenclature:

40
Q

How did the Nomenclature was used to named a microorganism?

A

Genus and Species of the organisim

MBIO (3 decks)

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