Chapter 2 Flashcards
An individual’s complete set of inherited traits (from each parent)
Genotype
Directly observable characteristics (ie. blue eyes)
Phenotype
One variant of the gene, or the specific form of a gene
Allele
Homozygous
both alleles are same (BB or bb)
Heterozygous
Alleles are different (Bb)
Dominant trait
shows up in both cases
reccessive trait
shows up when alleles are homozygous only
the majority of meaningful psychological traits are not governed by _____ ____ ____, but rahter are _______ __________
single gene pairs, multiply determined (polygenic)
an estimate of the proportion of trait variability in a population that is determined by genetic differences
heritability
2 ways to determine heritability
Twin studies OR adoption studies
the scientific term for identical twins
monozygotic
o union of one egg and one sperm that splits in two, soon after conception, for reasons unknown.
- Monozygotic (identical):
the scientific term for fraternal twins
- Dizygotic
o two different eggs fertilized by two different sperm
- Dizygotic (fraternal):
what two factors influence a persons intelligence
genetic factors and environmental factors
When the environment is enriched, the impact of genes is ______ ______
more visible
When the environment is impoverished, the impact of envionrment is ____ ______
more visible
Refers to how behaviours, activities, and choices of individuals actively shape and modify the environment in which they live (a.k.a. refers to the tendency to actively choose environments that compliment our heredity
Niche construction
Refers to how behaviours, activities, and choices of individuals actively shape and modify the environment in which they live (a.k.a. refers to the tendency to actively CHOOSE environments that compliment our heredity
Niche construction
when does Huntington’s disease start to show symptoms
Middle adulthood
The disorder in which a person’s nervous system degenerates during infancy is called
Tay-Sachs disease.
which disorder is characterized by almond-shaped eyes, small head, and slower than average development
down syndrome
Klinefelter’s syndrome is caused by a ____ chromosome pattern
XXY
these characteristics describe which syndrome?
tall, passive, and have below-normal intelligence.
Klinefelter’s syndrome
which syndrome is characteristic of short stature, limited secondary sex characteristics, spatial relation problems, and below-normal intelligence
Turner’s syndrome
which syndrome is characteristic of normal height, delayed motor and language development, normal stature
XXX syndrome
The continuous interplay between genes and multiple levels of the environment (from cells to culture) that drives development is known as
epigenesis
the range of phenotypes that the same genotype may produce in reaction to the environment where development takes place
reaction range
