Chapter 2

Question 1

An individual’s complete set of inherited traits (from each parent)

Answer 1

Genotype

Question 2

Directly observable characteristics (ie. blue eyes)

Answer 2

Phenotype

Question 3

One variant of the gene, or the specific form of a gene

Answer 3

Allele

Question 4

Homozygous

Answer 4

both alleles are same (BB or bb)

Question 5

Heterozygous

Answer 5

Alleles are different (Bb)

Question 6

Dominant trait

Answer 6

shows up in both cases

Question 7

reccessive trait

Answer 7

shows up when alleles are homozygous only

Question 8

the majority of meaningful psychological traits are not governed by _____ ____ ____, but rahter are _______ __________

Answer 8

single gene pairs, multiply determined (polygenic)

Question 9

an estimate of the proportion of trait variability in a population that is determined by genetic differences

Answer 9

heritability

Question 10

2 ways to determine heritability

Answer 10

Twin studies OR adoption studies

Question 11

the scientific term for identical twins

Answer 11

monozygotic

Question 12

o union of one egg and one sperm that splits in two, soon after conception, for reasons unknown.

Answer 12

• Monozygotic (identical):

Question 13

the scientific term for fraternal twins

Answer 13

• Dizygotic

Question 14

o two different eggs fertilized by two different sperm

Answer 14

• Dizygotic (fraternal):

Question 15

what two factors influence a persons intelligence

Answer 15

genetic factors and environmental factors

Question 16

When the environment is enriched, the impact of genes is ______ ______

Answer 16

more visible

Question 17

When the environment is impoverished, the impact of envionrment is ____ ______

Answer 17

more visible

Question 18

Refers to how behaviours, activities, and choices of individuals actively shape and modify the environment in which they live (a.k.a. refers to the tendency to actively choose environments that compliment our heredity

Answer 18

Niche construction

Question 19

Refers to how behaviours, activities, and choices of individuals actively shape and modify the environment in which they live (a.k.a. refers to the tendency to actively CHOOSE environments that compliment our heredity

Answer 19

Niche construction

Question 20

when does Huntington’s disease start to show symptoms

Answer 20

Middle adulthood

Question 21

The disorder in which a person’s nervous system degenerates during infancy is called

Answer 21

Tay-Sachs disease.

Question 22

which disorder is characterized by almond-shaped eyes, small head, and slower than average development

Answer 22

down syndrome

Question 23

Klinefelter’s syndrome is caused by a ____ chromosome pattern

Answer 23

XXY

Question 24

these characteristics describe which syndrome?

tall, passive, and have below-normal intelligence.

Answer 24

Klinefelter’s syndrome

Question 25

which syndrome is characteristic of short stature, limited secondary sex characteristics, spatial relation problems, and below-normal intelligence

Answer 25

Turner’s syndrome

Question 26

which syndrome is characteristic of normal height, delayed motor and language development, normal stature

Answer 26

XXX syndrome

Question 27

The continuous interplay between genes and multiple levels of the environment (from cells to culture) that drives development is known as

Answer 27

epigenesis

Question 28

the range of phenotypes that the same genotype may produce in reaction to the environment where development takes place

Answer 28

reaction range