Chapter 2

Question 1

refers to the process of preparing and giving medicine to a named person on the basis of a prescription.

Answer 1

Dispensing

Question 2

one of the vital elements of the rational use of medicines.

Answer 2

Dispensing

Question 3

The dispensing environment includes—

Answer 3

• Staff
• Physical surroundings
• Shelving and storage areas
• Surfaces used during work
• Equipment and packaging materials

Question 4

Dispensing environments must be…

Answer 4

clean, because most medicinal products are for internal use, making it important that they be hygienic and uncontaminated

Question 5

Uncoated tablets normally leave a layer of powder on any surface they touch, which can easily be transferred to other tablets or capsules counted on the same surface.
This process is called

Answer 5

Cross contamination

Question 6

Stock containers and prepacked medicines must be stored in an organized way on shelves,
preferably according to …

Answer 6

dos- age forms (for example, tablets and capsules, syrups and mixtures) and in alphabetical order.

Question 7

a system of stock rotation should determine which items are to be used first, on either

Answer 7

a first-in/first- out (FIFO) or first-expiry/first-out (FEFO) basis

Question 8

Dispensing process

Answer 8

1. Receive and validate the prescription
2. Understand and interpret the prescription
3. Prepare and label items for issue
4. Make a final check
5. Record action taken
6. Issue medicine to the patient with clear instructions and advice

Question 9

Three different methods can be used to keep a record of medicines dispensed

Answer 9

1. . When the prescription is retained, the dispenser should initial and annotate the prescription with strength and quantities dispensed and either file it or enter the details into a record book as soon as time is available.
2. When the prescription is returned to the patient, details of the medicines dispensed must
   be entered into a record book before the items are issued to the patient.
3. When dispensers use computers to record the dispensing details, the computer program should retain the information, which can then be recalled to generate summary reports.

Question 10

Promoting efficient management in dispensing

Answer 10

1. prior agreement wih the prescriber
2. Organizing patient flow
3. Strategies

Question 11

One good way to reduce dispensing time and improve safety is to

Answer 11

prepackage and label commonly used medicines

Question 12

Another way to prevent staff from making errors when under pressure is to organize the work so
that more than one individual is involved in the dispensing process for each prescription. This
method introduces a system of using

Answer 12

counter-check

Question 13

Techniques to ensure quality in dispensing include—

Answer 13

a. Requiring that all staff work in accordance with written SOPs
b. Maintaining records on what medicines and products have been issued
c. Scheduling worker shifts to make best use of staff: pro- viding more staff at peak hours, maintaining enough coverage to keep the dispensary open during breaks, and coordinating shift starting/ending times with patient flow
d. Involving the pharmacy staff in hospital/facility committees to identify and resolve problems involving patient flow, communication, and other areas

Question 14

a flat rectangle or triangle made of wood, metal, or plastic with raised edges along two sides

Answer 14

tablet counter

Question 15

preferred tablet counter

Answer 15

metal or plastic (because the surface can be easily

cleaned or washed between uses for different products)

Question 16

can be particularly useful when counting tablets or capsules during prepackaging

Answer 16

Scales (pan weighing scale)

Question 17

When prepackaging is done on a large scale, as in a teaching hospital for use in both the
ward and outpatient department, the use of an ___ may be justified

Answer 17

Electronic tablet counter

Question 18

Aids in counting tablets and capsules

Answer 18

Tablet counter, pan weighing scale, electronic tablet counter

Question 19

three recognized cadres of pharmacy staff:

Answer 19

pharmacists, pharmacy technicians, and

auxiliary or assistant staff

Question 20

an order for medication issued by a physician, dentist, or other properly licensed medical practitioner

Answer 20

prescription

Question 21

a part of the professional relationship among the prescriber, the pharmacist, and the patient

Answer 21

Prescription order

Question 22

are the primary means by which prescriber communicate with pharmacist regarding that desired treatment regimen of the patient

Answer 22

prescription and medication order

Question 23

used in the outpatient or ambulatory setting

Answer 23

Prescription

Question 24

used in the inpatient or institutional health system setting

Answer 24

Medication order

Question 25

Two broad legal classifications of medications:

Answer 25

PRESCRIPTION DRUGS OR LEGEND DRUGS, NONPRESCRIPTIONDRUGS OR OVER-THE-COUNTER(OTC) DRUGS

Question 26

those that may be purchased without a prescription

Answer 26

NONPRESCRIPTIONDRUGS OR OVER-THE-COUNTER(OTC) DRUGS

Question 27

Patient profile is reevaluated for

Answer 27

1. Therapeutic duplication
2. Allergies
3. Drug disease state interaction
4. Drug-drug interaction
5. Laboratory data

Question 28

Before dispensing the prescription or medication order, the pharmacist responsibility is to evaluate the prescription or medication order for appropriateness.

Answer 28

1. drug
2. dosage form
3. frequency
4. route of administration
5. duration of therapy
6. indication

Question 29

COMPONENT PARTS OF A PRESCRIPTION

Answer 29

1. PATIENT INFORMATION
2. DATE
3. Rx SYMBOL OR SUPERSCRIPTION
4. MEDICATION PRESCRIBED OR INSCRIPTION
5. DISPENSING DIRECTIONS TO PHARMACIST OR SUBSCRIPTION
6. DIRECTIONS FOR PATIENT OR SIGNATURA
7. SPECIAL LABELING AND OTHER INSTRUCTIONS

Question 30

Latin verb recipe, meaning take thou or you take

Answer 30

Rx SYMBOL OR SUPERSCRIPTION

Question 31

symbol is representative of both the prescription and the pharmacy itself.

Answer 31

Rx SYMBOL OR SUPERSCRIPTION

Question 32

This is the body or principal part of the prescription order.

Answer 32

MEDICATION PRESCRIBED OR INSCRIPTION

Question 33

generic substitution laws that mandate the use of a

generically equivalent product for certain patients

Answer 33

RA 6675-Generic Law

of 1988

Question 34

Prescription orders requiring the pharmacist to mix ingredients are termed

Answer 34

compounded prescriptions

Question 35

usually abbreviated Signa or Sig means mark thou

Answer 35

DIRECTIONS FOR PATIENT OR SIGNATURA

Question 36

What RA “Generics Act of 1988”

Answer 36

R.A. 6675

Question 37

Three types of unethical prescription

Answer 37

Erroneous prescription
Violative Prescriptions
Impossible Prescriptions

Question 38

Shall erroneous prescription be filled?

Answer 38

Yes.

Question 39

Does violative prescription and impossible prescription shall be filled?

Answer 39

No.