Chapter 2 Flashcards
refers to the process of preparing and giving medicine to a named person on the basis of a prescription.
Dispensing
one of the vital elements of the rational use of medicines.
Dispensing
The dispensing environment includes—
- Staff
- Physical surroundings
- Shelving and storage areas
- Surfaces used during work
- Equipment and packaging materials
Dispensing environments must be…
clean, because most medicinal products are for internal use, making it important that they be hygienic and uncontaminated
Uncoated tablets normally leave a layer of powder on any surface they touch, which can easily be transferred to other tablets or capsules counted on the same surface.
This process is called
Cross contamination
Stock containers and prepacked medicines must be stored in an organized way on shelves,
preferably according to …
dos- age forms (for example, tablets and capsules, syrups and mixtures) and in alphabetical order.
a system of stock rotation should determine which items are to be used first, on either
a first-in/first- out (FIFO) or first-expiry/first-out (FEFO) basis
Dispensing process
- Receive and validate the prescription
- Understand and interpret the prescription
- Prepare and label items for issue
- Make a final check
- Record action taken
- Issue medicine to the patient with clear instructions and advice
Three different methods can be used to keep a record of medicines dispensed
- . When the prescription is retained, the dispenser should initial and annotate the prescription with strength and quantities dispensed and either file it or enter the details into a record book as soon as time is available.
- When the prescription is returned to the patient, details of the medicines dispensed must
be entered into a record book before the items are issued to the patient. - When dispensers use computers to record the dispensing details, the computer program should retain the information, which can then be recalled to generate summary reports.
Promoting efficient management in dispensing
- prior agreement wih the prescriber
- Organizing patient flow
- Strategies
One good way to reduce dispensing time and improve safety is to
prepackage and label commonly used medicines
Another way to prevent staff from making errors when under pressure is to organize the work so
that more than one individual is involved in the dispensing process for each prescription. This
method introduces a system of using
counter-check
Techniques to ensure quality in dispensing include—
a. Requiring that all staff work in accordance with written SOPs
b. Maintaining records on what medicines and products have been issued
c. Scheduling worker shifts to make best use of staff: pro- viding more staff at peak hours, maintaining enough coverage to keep the dispensary open during breaks, and coordinating shift starting/ending times with patient flow
d. Involving the pharmacy staff in hospital/facility committees to identify and resolve problems involving patient flow, communication, and other areas
a flat rectangle or triangle made of wood, metal, or plastic with raised edges along two sides
tablet counter
preferred tablet counter
metal or plastic (because the surface can be easily
cleaned or washed between uses for different products)
can be particularly useful when counting tablets or capsules during prepackaging
Scales (pan weighing scale)
When prepackaging is done on a large scale, as in a teaching hospital for use in both the
ward and outpatient department, the use of an ___ may be justified
Electronic tablet counter
Aids in counting tablets and capsules
Tablet counter, pan weighing scale, electronic tablet counter
three recognized cadres of pharmacy staff:
pharmacists, pharmacy technicians, and
auxiliary or assistant staff
an order for medication issued by a physician, dentist, or other properly licensed medical practitioner
prescription
a part of the professional relationship among the prescriber, the pharmacist, and the patient
Prescription order
are the primary means by which prescriber communicate with pharmacist regarding that desired treatment regimen of the patient
prescription and medication order
used in the outpatient or ambulatory setting
Prescription
used in the inpatient or institutional health system setting
Medication order
Two broad legal classifications of medications:
PRESCRIPTION DRUGS OR LEGEND DRUGS, NONPRESCRIPTIONDRUGS OR OVER-THE-COUNTER(OTC) DRUGS
those that may be purchased without a prescription
NONPRESCRIPTIONDRUGS OR OVER-THE-COUNTER(OTC) DRUGS
Patient profile is reevaluated for
- Therapeutic duplication
- Allergies
- Drug disease state interaction
- Drug-drug interaction
- Laboratory data
Before dispensing the prescription or medication order, the pharmacist responsibility is to evaluate the prescription or medication order for appropriateness.
- drug
- dosage form
- frequency
- route of administration
- duration of therapy
- indication
COMPONENT PARTS OF A PRESCRIPTION
- PATIENT INFORMATION
- DATE
- Rx SYMBOL OR SUPERSCRIPTION
- MEDICATION PRESCRIBED OR INSCRIPTION
- DISPENSING DIRECTIONS TO PHARMACIST OR SUBSCRIPTION
- DIRECTIONS FOR PATIENT OR SIGNATURA
- SPECIAL LABELING AND OTHER INSTRUCTIONS
Latin verb recipe, meaning take thou or you take
Rx SYMBOL OR SUPERSCRIPTION
symbol is representative of both the prescription and the pharmacy itself.
Rx SYMBOL OR SUPERSCRIPTION
This is the body or principal part of the prescription order.
MEDICATION PRESCRIBED OR INSCRIPTION
generic substitution laws that mandate the use of a
generically equivalent product for certain patients
RA 6675-Generic Law
of 1988
Prescription orders requiring the pharmacist to mix ingredients are termed
compounded prescriptions
usually abbreviated Signa or Sig means mark thou
DIRECTIONS FOR PATIENT OR SIGNATURA
What RA “Generics Act of 1988”
R.A. 6675
Three types of unethical prescription
Erroneous prescription
Violative Prescriptions
Impossible Prescriptions
Shall erroneous prescription be filled?
Yes.
Does violative prescription and impossible prescription shall be filled?
No.
