Chapter 1 Flashcards
organization of people, institutions, and resources that deliver health care services to meet the
health needs of target populations.
health system, health care system or as healthcare system
Primary intent of health system
promote, restore ot maintain health
responsibilities of the regulatory authority
all products subject to its control conform to acceptable standards of quality, safety and efficacy
all premises and practices employed to manufacture, store and distribute these products comply with
requirements
All of the field of pharmacy aims to
ensure optimum drug therapy
REGULATORY CONTROL AND DRUG MANAGEMENT
Management, administration, educational policy, regulatory and enforcement agencies, professional registration authority, international agencies and professional bodies
most accessible to the public.
Community pharmacist
COMMUNITY PHARMACY
Processing of prescriptions, care of patients or clinical pharmacy, monitoring of drug utilization, extemporaneous preparation and small-scale manufacture of medicines, traditional and alternative medicines, responding to symptoms of minor ailments, informing health care professional and the public, health promotion
HOSPITAL PHARMACY
…
PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY
Research and development, manufacture and quality assurance, drug information, patent applications and drug registration, clinical trials and post-marketing surveillance, sales and marketing, management
a philosophy of practice in which the patient is the primary beneficiary of the pharmacist’s actions
Pharmaceutical care
Initiate or modify drug/non drug therapies by:
independent action, collaborative action
FACTORS AFFECTING HEALTH CARE DELIVERY, THE RATIONAL USE OF
DRUGS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL CARE
Demography Economic factors Technology Sociological factors Political Professional Healthcare delivery
refer to a specific group of social and economic factors within the broader determinants of health
Social determinants of health
key members of the healthcare team.
Doctors, or physicians
When patients need medical care, they first go to____
Primary care doctors
Primary care doctors focus on ____
preventive healthcare
diagnose and treat conditions that require a special area of knowledge.
Specialist
work closely with patients.
nurses
give patients medicines that are prescribed, or recommended, by a doctor.
pharmacists
diagnose and treat problems with teeth and mouth, along with giving advice and
administering care to help prevent future problems.
Dentist
have a technical role in diagnosing or treating disease
Technologists and technicians
help providers diagnose and treat disease by analyzing
body fluids and cells
Laboratory Technologists
help providers diagnose and treat disease by taking x-rays.
Radiology Technologists
Radiology Technologists also called
radiographer
help pharmacists prepare prescription medications.
Pharmacy technician
Helps people recover from physical changes caused by a medical condition, chronic disease
or injury.
THERAPISTS AND REHABILITATION SPECIALISTS
help patients perform tasks needed for every-day living or working
Occupational Therapists
help patients when they have an injury, disability or medical condition that limits their ability to move or function.
Physical Therapists (PT’s)`
treat and care for patients with breathing problems.
Respiratory Therapists
Speech Therapists also called
speech-language pathologists.
They work with patients who have problems related to speech, communication or swallowing.
Speech Therapists
medical doctors (MD's) who diagnose and treat mental, emotional and behavioral disorders
Psychiatrists
deal with mental processes, especially during times of stress.
Psychologists
help patients and families cope with
emotional, physical and financial issues related to an illness.
Social workers
provide patients with spiritual support.
clergy
COMMON BARRIERS TO INTERPROFESSIONAL HEALTHCARE TEAM WORK
Organizational barriers Barriers at team levels Barriers faced by individual team members Barriers for independent providers Overcoming barriers
engage in education, pharmaceutical practice, and research in schools of pharmacy.
Academic pharmacist
is a component of pharmacy practice that entails the direct interaction of the pharmacist with the patient for the purpose of caring the patient’s medication-related needs.
Pharmaceutical care
Give situations that call for comprehensive pharmaceutical care.
- Patients who are particularly vulnerable to adverse effects because they are physiologically
compromised - Patients with medical conditions that require ongoing evaluation and manipulation of drug
therapy to achieve optimal results - Patients who are taking multiple medication
- Patients requiring therapy with drugs that can be extremely toxic, especially if they are
dosed, administered or used improperly - Patients whose acute illnesses can become life threatening if the prescribed medications
are ineffective or used improperly
pharmaceutical care for individual patients
- Obtain and maintain medication records and relevant health information, if they do not already exist
- Identify, evaluate and assess
- Prepare and supply medication for use
- Set goals of therapy
- Design and implement pharmaceutical care plan
- Monitor for therapeutic outcomes and take appropriate follow up actions
Challenges in pharmaceutical care
- As drug use is increasing, there is increased risk of drug related morbidity and mortality
-The number of medicines on the market has increased dramatically over the last few decades - efforts to provide healthcare, including
pharmaceutical care, are facing new challenges. - ensuring the rational use of medicines
- concern over the increase in the global spread of antimicrobial resistance
CHALLENGES TO PHARMACISTS
The role of the pharmacist needs to be redefined and reoriented ( pharmacists also have to make a vital contribution to patient care through managing drug therapy and concurrent non-prescription or alternative therapies.)
- responsibilities to ensure that quality products are selected, procured, stored, distributed,
dispensed and administered, wherever medicines are provided and used
- patient centered care with all the cognitive functions
An industrialized economy is composed of three principal sectors which are the
Extractive, manufacturing, service
Services sector can be divided into five subgroups
- business service
- Trade services
- Infrastructure services
- Social, personal services
- Public administration
The ability to perform the promised service dependably and accurately
Reliability
The willingness to help customers and provide prompt service
Responsiveness
The knowledge and courtesy of employees and their ability to convey trust and confidence
assurance
The caring, individualized attention provided to customers
Empathy
The appearance of physical facilities, equipment, personnel, and communication materials.
Tangibles
