Chapter 2 Flashcards
What is an atom?
It contains a nucleus of protons and neutrons with electron circling it.
What is a proton?
It is a positively charged particle
What is the neutron?
It is a neutral particle
What is an electron?
It is a negatively charged particle
What is an element?
It is a substance made up of only one atom
What is the atomic number?
The number of protons in an atom
What is an isotope?
It is when an atom has the same number of protons but different number of neutrons and different masses.
What is the mass number?
Number of protons and neutrons.
What is an ion?
It is a charged atom with the same number of protons and different number of electrons.
What are positive ions/cations?
They have fewer electrons than protons
What are negative ions/anions?
They have more electrons than protons
What are the chemical reactions like within different isotopes as well as physical properties?
They are the same as they have the same number of electrons and neutrons have no affect on reactions. There may be small differences in the physical properties with a high mass isotopes having a high melting, boiling point and density.
What is the mass of a proton?
One
What is the mass of a neutron?
One
What is the mass of an electron?
1/1836
What is heavy water?
Heavy water is an isotope of water which has the formula D2O. The chemical properties are almost identical to water but have slightly different physical properties. It has one more neutron so has a higher melting boiling point and density.
What are your atomic mass is compared to?
1/12th of the mass of carbon 12.
What is the standard mass for atomic mass?
1u, the mass of 1/12 of an atom of carbon 12. 1u is approximately the mass of a proton or neutron.
What is the relative isotopic mass?
It is the mass of an isotope relative to 1/12 of the mass of an atom of carbon 12.
How do you work out Ar
The sum (percentage abundance x relative isotopic mass) divided by the percentage abundance.
What is the relative atomic mass, Ar?
It is the weighted mean mass of an atom of an element relative to 1/12 of the mass of an atom of carbon 12.
What does the weighted mean mass take into account?
The percentage abundance of each isotope and their relative isotopic mass of each isotope.
Describe the process of using a mass spectrometer?
So this sample of an element enters the sample inlet where it goes into the ionisation area. In order for the sample to proceed through the machine asked with a price and then I nice to form a positive ion. Ions are accelerated with the same acceleration area. It then enters through the drift region where ions are separated according to the mass. However ions move more slowly and take longer to reach the detector down lighter ones. Each ion reaching the detector add to signal so the greater the abundance the larger the signal.
How do you work out the mass to charge ratio?
Relative mass of ion divided by relatively charge of ion
Do atoms of metals on the left, lose electrons or gain electrons?
They lose electrons forming cations.
Do non metals on the right lose or gain electrons?
They gain electrons so form anions
What does roman numerals indicate?
The ionic charge on the element
What are binary compounds?
A compound which contains two elements only. To name a binary compound use the name of the first element but change the ending of the second element name to -ide. For ionic compounds the metal ion always comes first e.g. sodium oxide.
What’s the charge on ammonium?
1+
What’s the charge on the hydroxide?
-1
What is the charge on a nitrate?
-1
What is the charge on a nitrite?
-1
What is the charge on a hydrogen carbonate?
-1
What is the charge on a carbonate?
-2
What is the charge on a manganate?
-1
What is the charge on a sulphate?
-2
What is the charge on a sulphite ?
-2
What is the charge on a dichromate?
-2
What is the charge on a phosphate?
-3
What is the formula for nitrate and nitrite?
Nitrate - NO3
Nitrite - NO2
What is the formula for manganate?
MnO4
What is the formula for sulphate and sulphite?
Sulphate - SO4
Sulphite - SO3
What is the formula for dichromate?
Cr2O7
What is the formula for phosphate?
PO4
