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Chemistry > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a hydrocarbon?

A

It is a compound which only contains carbon and hydrogen.

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2
Q

What is a saturated hydrocarbon?

A

Saturated hydrocarbon has single bonds only.

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3
Q

What is an unsaturated hydrocarbon?

A

It contains carbon to carbon multiple bonds, there is more than one.

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4
Q

What is a functional group?

A

The function of growth is part of an organic molecule which is largely responsible for the molecules chemical properties. Functional groups can be bonded to hydrogen and carbon atoms.

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5
Q

What is a homologous series?

A

Homologous series is a family of compounds with similar chemical properties whose successive members differ by the addition of a CH2 group.

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6
Q

What is the simplest homologous series?

A

Alkanes

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7
Q

What is a aliphatic hydrocarbon?

A

It is when carbon atoms are joined to each other in a unbranched or branched chain or non-aromatic rings.

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8
Q

What is a alicyclic hydrocarbon?

A

Carbon atoms which are joined in a ring structure.

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9
Q

What is an aromatic hydrocarbon?

A

It is when some or all carbon atoms are found in a benzene ring.

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10
Q

What are the three homologous series of aliphatic hydrocarbons?

A

These are alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes

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11
Q

What is the suffix of an alkene?

A

-ene

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12
Q

What is the suffix of an alcohol?

A

-ol

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13
Q

What is the suffix of an aldehyde?

A

-al

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14
Q

What is the suffix of a ketone?

A

-one

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15
Q

What is the suffix of a carboxylic acid?

A

-oic acid

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16
Q

What is the prefix of a haloalkane?

A

chloro, bromo, iodo

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17
Q

What is the prefix of an alcohol?

A

Hydroxyl

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18
Q

What is a molecular formula?

A

It shows the number and type of atoms in a molecule. It doesn’t show how the atoms are bonded and different molecules could have the same molecular formula.

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19
Q

What is the empirical formula?

A

It is the simplest whole number ratio of each of the atoms present in the element.

20
Q

What is the general formula?

A

The general formula is the simplest algebraic formula for any member in the homologous series.

21
Q

What is a alkanes general formula?

A

CnH2n+2

22
Q

What is an alkenes general formula?

A

CnH2n

23
Q

What is an alcohol general formula?

A

CnH2n+1OH

24
Q

What is a carboxylic acid general formula?

A

CnH2nO2

25
Q

What is a ketones general formula?

A

CnH2nO

26
Q

What is the displayed formula?

A

It shows the relative positioning of all atoms in the molecule and the bonds between them.

27
Q

What is a skeletal formula?

A

It’s a simplified organic molecule formula.

28
Q

What do you remove in a skeletal formula?

A

All carbon and hydrogen’s from the carbon chains and any bonds to hydrogen atoms.

29
Q

What does an end of the line indicate a skeletal formula

A

CH3 group

30
Q

What is the structural formula?

A

Structural formula uses the simplest amount of detail necessary to show the atom arrangement it clearly shows which atoms are bonded together e.g. CH3CH3 is ethane.

31
Q

What are structural isomers?

A

Structural isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formula.

32
Q

What is chain isomerism?

A

It is when the carbon units are in different positions.

33
Q

What is position isomerism?

A

It is when compounds contain a functional group and can be placed in different positions along the carbon chain.

34
Q

What is functional group isomerism?

A

It is when molecules have the same molecular formula but contain different functional groups e.g. aldehydes and ketones with the same number of carbon and have the same molecular formula.

35
Q

What is a isomerism?

A

It’s a molecules have the same molecular formula but differ in the way that the atoms are arranged.

36
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

It is a shared pair of electrons between two bonding atoms?

37
Q

What are the two types of reactions which can break covalent bonds in the reactants and create new ones ?

A

Homolytic fission and heterolytic fission

38
Q

What is a homolytic fission?

A

When a covalent bond breaks by homolytic fission each bonded atom takes one of the shared pair of electrons from the bond. Each bond now has a single unpaired electron.

39
Q

What is a radical?

A

An atom or group of atoms with an unpaired electron.

40
Q

What is heterolytic fission?

A

It is when a covalent bond breaks and and one of the atoms takes both electrons from the bond.

41
Q

What does a curly arrow indicate?

A

Indicate the movement of electron pairs when bonds are broken and made.

42
Q

What is an elimination reaction?

A

It is when a small molecule is removed from a larger molecule. One reactant molecule forms two products.

43
Q

What is an addition reaction?

A

Two reactants join together to form one product, it has an atom economy of 100%.

44
Q

What is a substitution reaction?

A

It’s run a group of atoms or an atom are replaced by another group of atoms or atom.

45
Q

What is a nucleophile?

A

It is a electron pair donor e.g OH-

Chemistry (23 decks)

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