Chapter #2 - 09/11/24 Flashcards
reading the news (32 cards)
how many components do we need to consider and identify ?
7
explain what information is needed to interpret the results of a statistical study
the 7 components
identify possible sources of bias in the results of a statistical study
- making faces
- choosing a choice of wording that favours one side
- nodding, winking, smiling, etc.
describe the steps you would use to carry out a statistical study to answer a question a interest
i would use the the 7 components
taste tests of new products are often done by having people do what ?
taste both the new product and an old familiar standard
do you think the results would be biased if the person handing the proding to the respondents knew which was which ?
Yes because someone can form a bias/opinion and this can effect the results of the study
in order to try and avoid a bias what should we try to do ?
- conduct a randomized control trial with placebos and controls
- preferably a double blinded group
- avoid making any facial expressions, sounds, faces, winking, etc. that may display favouritism towards a certain opinion
what are data ?
plural word referring to a collection of numbers or other pieces of information to which meaning has been attached
TRUE OR FALSE
newspaper report results ALWAYS present actual data
FALSE
newspaper report results RARELY present actual data
what does meaning attached to data and results depends on ?
meaning attached to data and results depends on how well information was obtained and summarized
what are the four main origins of news stories and statistical studies ?
- academic conferences
- published articles in scholarly jounrals
- government and prvate agency research reports
- university media office
what is the most common way to find origins of news stories and statistical studies ?
news articles
what are the seven critical components you needs to look for when reading about statistics ?
- souce & funding
- researchers & contact
- individuals & how selected
- measurements & questions asked
- setting
- differences & factors in groups
- extent / size of results
what is component #1 ?
the source of the research and of the funding
what is component #2 ?
the researchers who had contact with the participants
what is component #3 ?
the individuals or objects studied and how they were selected
what is component #4 ?
the exact nature of the measuremnets made or questions asked
what is component #5 ?
the setting in which the measurements were taken
what is component #6 ?
differences in the groups being compared, in addition to the factor of intrest
what is component #7 ?
the extent or size of any claimed effects or differences
describe component #1 :
- who did the study
- who conducted the study
- whos paying for this research to be conducted, use of lab, materials, etc
- is the manifacturer the one funding
describe component #2 :
- how are the researchers conducting the research
- are they displaying bias ?
- how is their body language, voice, etc.
describe component #3 :
- who are the individuals participating in the research
- are they diverse ?
- are they representative enough of a sample ?
describe component #4 :
- how we are collecting the numbers and data
