Chapter #2 - 09/11/24

Question 1

how many components do we need to consider and identify ?

Answer 1

7

Question 2

explain what information is needed to interpret the results of a statistical study

Answer 2

the 7 components

Question 3

identify possible sources of bias in the results of a statistical study

Answer 3

• making faces
• choosing a choice of wording that favours one side
• nodding, winking, smiling, etc.

Question 4

describe the steps you would use to carry out a statistical study to answer a question a interest

Answer 4

i would use the the 7 components

Question 5

taste tests of new products are often done by having people do what ?

Answer 5

taste both the new product and an old familiar standard

Question 6

do you think the results would be biased if the person handing the proding to the respondents knew which was which ?

Answer 6

Yes because someone can form a bias/opinion and this can effect the results of the study

Question 7

in order to try and avoid a bias what should we try to do ?

Answer 7

• conduct a randomized control trial with placebos and controls
• preferably a double blinded group
• avoid making any facial expressions, sounds, faces, winking, etc. that may display favouritism towards a certain opinion

Question 8

what are data ?

Answer 8

plural word referring to a collection of numbers or other pieces of information to which meaning has been attached

Question 9

TRUE OR FALSE

newspaper report results ALWAYS present actual data

Answer 9

FALSE

newspaper report results RARELY present actual data

Question 10

what does meaning attached to data and results depends on ?

Answer 10

meaning attached to data and results depends on how well information was obtained and summarized

Question 11

what are the four main origins of news stories and statistical studies ?

Answer 11

• academic conferences
• published articles in scholarly jounrals
• government and prvate agency research reports
• university media office

Question 12

what is the most common way to find origins of news stories and statistical studies ?

Answer 12

news articles

Question 13

what are the seven critical components you needs to look for when reading about statistics ?

Answer 13

1. souce & funding
2. researchers & contact
3. individuals & how selected
4. measurements & questions asked
5. setting
6. differences & factors in groups
7. extent / size of results

Question 14

what is component #1 ?

Answer 14

the source of the research and of the funding

Question 15

what is component #2 ?

Answer 15

the researchers who had contact with the participants

Question 16

what is component #3 ?

Answer 16

the individuals or objects studied and how they were selected

Question 17

what is component #4 ?

Answer 17

the exact nature of the measuremnets made or questions asked

Question 18

what is component #5 ?

Answer 18

the setting in which the measurements were taken

Question 19

what is component #6 ?

Answer 19

differences in the groups being compared, in addition to the factor of intrest

Question 20

what is component #7 ?

Answer 20

the extent or size of any claimed effects or differences

Question 21

describe component #1 :

Answer 21

• who did the study
• who conducted the study
• whos paying for this research to be conducted, use of lab, materials, etc
• is the manifacturer the one funding

Question 22

describe component #2 :

Answer 22

• how are the researchers conducting the research
• are they displaying bias ?
• how is their body language, voice, etc.

Question 23

describe component #3 :

Answer 23

• who are the individuals participating in the research
• are they diverse ?
• are they representative enough of a sample ?

Question 24

describe component #4 :

Answer 24

• how we are collecting the numbers and data

Question 25

describe component #5 :

Answer 25

• where is this experiment being conducted ?
• in a lab? in a classroom? in a closed room environment ?

Question 26

describe component #6 :

Answer 26

• are they all similar and only different in the factor of intrest ?
• are the participants similar in characteristics

Question 27

describe component #7

Answer 27

• different sizes in results
• is this a small or large sample size ?
• aize of the value of the information
• ex., something with 60% results will be way more affective than something with a 5% result

Question 28

Are surveys likely or unlikely to represent any larger group ?

Answer 28

surveys are unlikely to represent any larger group

Question 29

who are those that are most likely to respond ?

Answer 29

people with strong opinions

Question 30

people like to please eachother, so what type of experient is prefereable ?

Answer 30

blind experiments

Question 31

FILL IN THE BLANK

why are details about how a study was conducted important to decide _____________

Answer 31

details about how a study was conducted are important to decide whether the results apply to you

Question 32

TRUE OR FALSE

it is important to know how large a diffedrnce was foind in a study in order to know whether or not it may apply to you

Answer 32

TRUE