CHAPTER 19 TEST Flashcards
how did steel processing change in the 1850s, and how did this affect the U.S.?
steel processing became quicker and cheaper because of the bessemer process. it increased steel production later on. all the steel led to more buildings, structures, and even some inventions. eventually it led to the growth of todays cities.
why did people begin to pump oil from the ground?
they used the oil for a power source. oil was turned into kerosene, which was just unprocessed oil. it was used for heating, cooking, and light.
what new inventions excited the public in the 1800s, and how were they used?
some new inventions were telephones, lightbulbs, cars, and even airplanes. telephones helped with communication, cars and airplanes made transportation much easier. electric lightbulbs gave light, and it eventually led to power plants to provide the city with electricity.
why did andrew carnegie use vertical integration?
he used it to lower production costs. he got iron ore mines, coalfields, and railroads to supply and support his steel mills.
how did concerns about trusts lead to the sherman antitrust act?
people believed that trusts gained monopolies and that monopolies reduced competition. without competition, prices would be high and quality of goods and services would be low.
why did companies begin to use scientific management, and how did it effect workers?
companies were encouraged to use their employees as interchangeable parts. because of this, conditions in factories were getting worse for workers.
how did the knights of labor and american federation of labor differ?
the afl organized individual national unions. they also limited their membership, unlike the knights of labor who accepted both skilled and unskilled workers.
what were the effects of early major strikes on workers?
workers would mostly lose in these strikes since the government sided with the businesses. it would sometimes lead to violence and eventually arrests.
