Chapter 19: substance & addiction Flashcards
Disulfiram
Disulfiram is used for the maintenance of alcohol abstinence. Alcohol consumption while on disulfiram leads to a toxic reaction that results in
symptoms such as intense nausea, vomiting, respiratory difficulty, and
mental confusion.
Short-acting benzodiazepines: oxazepam and lorazepam
These are generally the drug of choice for patients with severe cognitive impairments, or those with advanced cirrhosis or acute alcohol hepatitis.
Long-acting benzodiazepines: chlordiazepoxide
A preferred benzodiazepine due to its long half-life, which allows for self-tapering. Used in patients with severe withdrawal symptoms.
Acamprosate
Acamprosate affects chemicals in the brain that may be unbalanced in a person who is addicted to alcohol. It works by restoring the chemical balance in the brain
Naltrexone
Naltrexone is used to treat alcohol and opiate use disorders in adults. it works by blocking effects of opioids.
Methadone
Methadone is used for opiate detoxification to lessen the symptoms of withdrawal and to block the effects of the opiate drugs.
Clonidine
Clonidine is commonly used to reduce anxiety, agitation, muscle aches/spasms, sweating, and cramping.
Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT)
Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is a treatment to help people stop using nicotine.
Bupropion
Bupropion is an extended-release antidepressant pill that can alleviate nicotine withdrawal symptoms.
Varenicline
Varenicline works by interfering with the receptors in the brain that respond to nicotine.
when does an alcoholic’s withdrawal symptoms to peak?
24-72 hrs
most serious complication of alcohol withdrawal.
Seizures are considered the most serious complication of alcohol withdrawal.
Acamprosate should not be taken with ______
alcohol because it can cause serious side effects.
The Fagerstrom Test
The Fagerstrom Test assesses the intensity of the patient’s addiction to nicotine.
CIWA
CIWA is an alcohol withdrawal scale that includes medication dosing guidelines.
