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Psychiatric Nursing > All notes up to midterm > Flashcards

All notes up to midterm Flashcards

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1
Q

schizotypal personality disorder

A

patterns of social isolation and detachment from the environment

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2
Q

homelessness with mental illness is often associated with:

A

decreased availability of community resources

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3
Q

A patient on a 24-hour emergency psychiatric hold is believed to need further treatment. In order to keep the patient in the facility, what legal action is required?

A

Filing of a probable cause statement

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4
Q

What legally qualifies a person to be placed in conservatorship?

A

if person is disabled due to mental illness

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5
Q

What are the criteria needed to plead guilty by reason of insanity?

A
  1. inability to understand charges filed against him.
  2. no mental capacity to advise an attorney
  3. no mental ability to understand legal process of the charges
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6
Q

Conservator

A

person who makes decision for the mentally disabled

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7
Q

rights of patients who are involuntarily admitted.

A
  1. right to participate in plan of care
  2. right to refuse any treatment
  3. right to receive explanation of their mental condition
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8
Q

The Tarasoff court case involves which nursing duty?

A

to protect others from harm

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9
Q

Which term describes the basic functional unit of the nervous system?

Neuron

Synapse

Receptor

Neurotransmitter

A

Neuron

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10
Q

Which brain structure is responsible for basic vital life functions?

Cerebrum

Brainstem

Cerebellum

Hippocampus

A

Brainstem

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11
Q

Which brain structure responds to stimuli, conducts electrical
impulses, and releases neurotransmitters?

Neuron

Synapse

Cerebellum

Receptor

A

Neuron

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12
Q

First-generation antipsychotics have which mechanism of action
and therapeutic effect?

Increase levels of dopamine to decrease positive symptoms in
schizophrenia

Decrease levels of dopamine to decrease positive symptoms in
schizophrenia

Increase levels of dopamine to increase positive symptoms in
schizophrenia

Decrease levels of dopamine to increase positive symptoms in
schizophrenia

A

Decrease levels of dopamine to decrease positive symptoms in
schizophrenia

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13
Q

Which neurotransmitter is selectively blocked by the
antidepressant effect of citalopram?

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

Serotonin

Glutamate

Dopamine

A

Serotonin

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14
Q

Which imaging study would show the health care provider the
parts of the brain that are particularly active in a patient suspected
of having obsessive compulsive disorder?

Computed tomography (CT)

Positron emission tomography (PET)

Ventriculography

Electroencephalography (EEG)

A

Positron emission tomography (PET)

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15
Q

Which effect would a psychotropic drug that enhances gamma-
aminobutyric (GABA) receptor activity have on a patient?

Sedation

Pain relief

Stimulation of gastric secretion

Improvement of cognitive performance

A

Sedation

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16
Q

Which medication when administered calls for careful nursing
assessment of fluid and electrolyte balance?

Fluvoxamine

Clozapine

Lamotrigine

Lithium

A

Lithium

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17
Q

Which event would be responsible for a patient’s symptoms of
profound depression based on the current understanding of
neurotransmitters?

An increase in dopamine level

A decrease in serotonin level

An increase in norepinephrine level

A decrease in acetylcholine level

A

A decrease in serotonin level

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18
Q

Side effects that include dry mouth, constipation, and blurred
vision for a patient prescribed a psychotropic drug are most likely
caused by blocking of which receptors?

Alpha (a1)

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Serotonin (5-HT2)

Histamine (H1)

A

Acetylcholine

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19
Q

Which is a possible cause of depression?

A

Decreased norepinephrine & serotonin

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20
Q

Which priority teaching would the nurse include for a patient
who is beginning therapy with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor
(MAOI) medication? Select all that apply.

Take the medication at bedtime.

Monitor blood pressure.

Report double vision.

Reduce tyramine intake.

Do not take over-the-counter medication without provider approval.

A

Monitor blood pressure.

Reduce tyramine intake

Do not take over-the-counter medication without provider approval.

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21
Q

Which education would the nurse prioritize for a patient
beginning clozapine therapy?

Weekly liver function tests

Daily prothrombin time and international normalized ratio

Monthly creatinine levels

Regular absolute neutrophil count

A

Regular absolute neutrophil count

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22
Q

which antidepressant medication used for anxiety has low risk for sedation?

A

Buspirone

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23
Q

Which condition is likely the cause of fatigue in a nurse who is
otherwise healthy?

Secondary stress trauma

Acute stress disorder

Posttraumatic stress disorder

Traumatic brain injury

A

Secondary stress trauma

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24
Q

Which agency has overall responsibility to coordinate responses to
disasters in the United States?

World Health Organization (WHO)

Department of Homeland Security (DHS)

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)

National Incident Management System (NIMS)

A

Department of Homeland Security (DHS)

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25
Q

Which coping mechanism is commonly adopted during a crisis?

Engaging in other physical activity

Setting realistic goals

Avoiding talking with others

Avoiding eating

A

Engaging in other physical activity

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26
Q

developmental crisis

A

A developmental crisis occurs during significant life transitions or milestones, such as becoming a parent.

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27
Q

External crisis

A

External crisis refers to crises triggered by events outside the individual, such as financial hardship or loss.

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28
Q

Situational crisis

A

Situational crisis involves unexpected, often traumatic events, like losing a job or experiencing illness.

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29
Q

Adventitious crisis

A

Adventitious crisis includes crises resulting from rare, unplanned events like natural disasters or violence.

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30
Q

Which class of medications has been shown to be helpful in
treating somatic symptom disorders? Select all that apply.

Anxiolytics

Antipsychotics

Antidepressants

Mood stabilizers

Benzodiazepines

A

Anxiolytics
Antidepressants
Benzodiazepines

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31
Q

Which instruction would the nurse include on the diet chart for a
patient experiencing mania and is receiving lithium therapy?

Reduce sodium intake.

Take lithium with meals.

Take lithium on an empty stomach.

Avoid taking lithium before going to bed.

A

Take lithium with meals.

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32
Q

Provides notice of approaching emergencies worldwide

A

FEMA

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33
Q

Focuses on terrorist attacks

A

CCTA

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34
Q

Provides funds for mental health needs during disasters

A

NIMH

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35
Q

Provides food and shelter during disasters

A

American Red Cross

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36
Q

Steps of crisis intervention include the following:

A

1.Assess and gather data from a variety of sources.

2.Develop a list of problems focusing on immediate needs.

3.Plan interventions for immediate problems.

4.Implement interventions to alleviate anxiety and meet immediate needs.

5.Evaluate anxiety levels and effectiveness of immediate interventions.

6.Develop an individual plan of care for long-term needs.

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37
Q

Decreased amounts of serotonin have long been associated with…

A

depression, mood swings, suicidal thoughts/behaviors, and anxiety.

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38
Q

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

A

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) increase the amount of serotonin in the brain, thus minimizing (or resolving) depression.

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39
Q

Serotonin synthesis during stress.

A

Serotonin is also associated with stress and an individual’s response to stress.

Serotonin synthesis is heightened during stress. In an individual experiencing depression, the brain’s ability to effectively use the serotonin to mitigate stress is reduced.

40
Q

example of psychological stress?

A

Self-doubt and apprehension

41
Q

What is the purpose of corticosteroid release during a stress response?

A

To increase muscle strength and stamina needed to withstand the stress symptoms

42
Q

Decrease in GABA causes

A

anxiety

43
Q

Decrease in norepinephrine causes

A

depression

44
Q

Increase in dopamine causes

A

schizophrenia

45
Q

Decrease in acetylcholine causes

A

alzheimer’s

46
Q

Memory loss associated with CNS trauma is due to injury of which brain lobe?

A

Temporal lobe

47
Q

Which medications may increase the risk of suicidal ideation and necessitate close monitoring of a patient?

A

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and anticonvulsant medications

48
Q

Which category of medication presents a significant risk for older adult patients with dementia?

A

Antipsychotics

49
Q

Which category of medication presents a significant safety risk for children and adolescents?

A

Antidepressants

50
Q

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)

A

Paroxetine

51
Q

Electroconvulsive therapy

A

is used for patients with major depressive disorder include psychosis and repeated threats to murder

52
Q

Clang associations

A

communication of patient experiencing acute mania

53
Q

Lithium and salt intake

A

patients on lithium need to have consistent salt intake. Sudden changes in sodium consumption can affect lithium levels in the blood, potentially leading to toxicity or reduced effectiveness of the medication

54
Q

normal lithium level

A

0.6 - 1.8

55
Q

Which medication would the nurse anticipate the health care
provider will prescribe for a patient diagnosed with bipolar
disorder and a history of alcohol use disorder?

Lithium

Lamotrigine

Valproic acid

Carbamazepine

A

Valproic acid

56
Q

Which symptom is commonly seen in patients diagnosed with
bipolar II disorder and experiencing hypomania?

Hallucinations

Disturbed thoughts

Impaired social functioning

Hyperactivity and high energy

A

Hyperactivity and high energy

57
Q

Which term describes the behavior of a patient admitted with
acute mania who tells staff and patients that they are on a secret
mission for the president to monitor citizens for terrorist activity?

Unpredictability

Rapid cycling

Grandiosity

Flight of ideas

A

Grandiosity

58
Q

Which side effect of antipsychotic medication therapy is generally

not reversible?

Anticholinergic effects

Pseudoparkinsonism

Dystonic reaction

Tardive dyskinesia

A

Tardive dyskinesia.

Tardive dyskinesia may persist after discontinuation of antipsych meds and is characterized by involuntary, repetitive movements, typically affecting the face, mouth, and tongue. It can also involve the trunk and extremities

59
Q

Grandiose Delusions

A

Individuals with grandiose delusions believe they possess exceptional talents, wealth, or importance

60
Q

Somatic Delusions

A

These involve false beliefs about one’s body or health. People may believe they have a serious illness or that parts of their body are missing or malfunctioning

61
Q

Erotomanic Delusions

A

This type involves the belief that someone, often of higher social status, is in love with the individua

62
Q

Which population is most at risk for schizophrenia spectrum
disorders?

Middle-age adults

Older adults

Young adults

Toddlers

A

Young adults

63
Q

psychosis

A

inability to recognize reality

64
Q

Schizoaffective disorder

A

uninterrupted period of illness during which there is a major depressive, manic, or mixed episode, along with symptoms of schizophrenia

65
Q

associative looseness

A

is nonlogical thinking

66
Q

Trihexyphenidyl

A

drug administered with chlorpromazine to reduce extrapyramidal side effects.

67
Q

Which nongenetic factor has been identified as a possible
contributing cause of schizophrenia?

A

Viral infection.
nutritional factors
birth injuries

68
Q

Bipolar disorder

A

Bipolar disorder (hereditary), formerly known as manic-depression is characterized by shifts in mood, energy, and ability to function, and is the most expensive mental disorder to treat.

69
Q

Manic Episode

A

A distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased goal-directed activity or energy, lasting at least 1 week and present most of the day, nearly every day

70
Q

Which are signs of suicidal ideation?

A

Increased risk-taking

Giving away belongings

Influx of substance abuse

71
Q

Hallucinations

A

Sensations that are not really present

72
Q

Delusions

A

Distorted beliefs

73
Q

Manic phase lasts at least one week

A

Bipolar 1

74
Q

Hypomanic episode lasts at least four days

A

Bipolar 2

75
Q

Hypomania alternates with minor depressive episodes over at least 2-year period

A

Cyclothymic disorder

76
Q

Three anticonvulsant drugs have been shown to be effective in treating mood disorders, including bipolar disorder.

A

valproate, carbamazepine, and lamotrigine.

77
Q

Antianxiety Drugs

A

Clonazapam and lorazepam have been shown to be effective in patients experiencing acute mania

78
Q

Atypical Antipsychotics

A

Olanzapine or risperdone have sedative effects during the early phase of treatment for bipolar, and tend to have mood-stabilizing properties

79
Q

Electroconvulsive Therapy

A

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is sometimes used to reduce severe manic behavior. It can be especially useful in decreasing severe depression, catatonia, paranoid-destructive symptoms, and treatment-resistant depression

80
Q

fine hand tremors w/ Lithium use.

A

is normal.

A normal side effect of lithium carbonate is fine hand tremors.

81
Q

s/sx of Lithium toxicity

A

diarrhea.
confusion.
blurred vision.

82
Q

goals appropriate for bipolar disorder

A

Adherence to the medication regime.

Stable relationships with family, occupation, and social connections.

Improved mood.

Improved coping skills.

Reduced stress

83
Q

Which tool is useful in assessing the patient diagnosed with bipolar disorder?

A

Mood Disorder Questionnaire

84
Q

treatment of lithium toxicity

A

Gastric lavage.

Mannitol.

Urea.

Aminophylline.

85
Q

a treatment that will act quickly to treat severe manic behavior

A

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is sometimes used to reduce severe manic behavior. It can be especially useful in decreasing severe depression, catatonia, paranoid-destructive symptoms, and treatment-resistant depression.

86
Q

What are the most common side effects of SSRIs?

A

Dry mouth and blurred near vision

SSRIs have anticholinergic properties that can result in dry mouth and blurred vision.

87
Q

Which medical procedures may be used to treat patients with depressive orders?

A

Deep brain stimulation (DBS).
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).

88
Q

Which is a depression assessment tool?

A

Beck Depression Inventory

The Beck Depression Inventory is a depression assessment tool that helps determine behavioral changes over time.

89
Q

tricyclic antidepressant (TCA)

A

The patient may experience constipation when taking a TCA due to its anticholinergic effects

90
Q

what is the medication used for treatment-resistant schizophrenia?

A

Clozapine

91
Q

teaching and instruction for patients taking antipsychotic medications:

A

Avoid immersion in hot water to avoid hypotensive effect

When outdoors, use sunscreen and wear protective clothing

To avoid heat stroke/exhaustion, keep hydrated

Avoid abrupt discontinuation of medication due to possible side effects

Report any unusual changes (sore throat, malaise, fever, or bleeding)

92
Q

Which medications are more effective in treating the negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

Clozapine

Olanzapine

93
Q

medication for somatic symptom disorder?

A

Anxiolytics

94
Q

Displacement

A

putting anger on his or her diagnosis onto the spouse

95
Q

type of anxiety associated with delusional thinking

A

Panic

Psychiatric Nursing (6 decks)

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