chapter 19 quiz Flashcards
cold-blooded, water-dwelling vertebrates with gills and scales
Fish
skeletons are made either partially or wholly of bone
Bony fish
most prominent features of the trunk and tail
Fins
helps protect the delicate gill structures beneath from being damaged
Opercula
typical bony fish also has 2 or 3
unpaired vertical fins; because these fins project
from the centerline of the body
Median fins
serves as a fish’s propeller and rudder
Caudal fin
special pigment cells, that give them their richly varied colors
Chromatophores
protective covering of small, bony plates, located just beneath the epidermis, in the dermis of the skin
Scales
W-shaped bands of muscle
Myomeres
consists of many separate vertebrae of bone or cartilage, provides the central framework and chief means of support for the trunk and tail
Backbone
special organs that allow oxygen and carbon dioxide to pass between the water and the fish’s blood
Gills
opens into the fish’s pharynx
Gill chamber
vane-like projections from the front of each gill arch that strain food particles and other debris out of the water, preventing the gills from becoming fouled by these sediments
Gill rakers
closed system of arteries, veins, and capillaries, broadly similar to the circulatory systems of mammals, birds, and reptiles
Cardiovascular system
located in the lower portion of the fish, slightly to the rear of the gills (2 chambered heart)
Heart
system of special nerve endings that extends over its head and down the sides of its body
Lateral line
means to ‘lay their eggs’
Spawn
hollow, gas-filled chamber located high in the fish’s body cavity
Swim bladder
fish that has no swim bladder
flounder
can breath in water and land
Lungfish
uses the swim bladder to make noise
Catfish
skeletons made of cartilage rather than bone
Cartilaginous fish
resemble tiny, closely spaced teeth
Denticles
generally the most feared by man
Shark
includes around 600 species of true
rays, electric rays, skates, and sawfish.
These unusual fish have broad, flat bodies
and generally a long, whip-like tail
Rays
include nearly 30 species of
unusual cartilaginous fish that live near the
ocean bottom
Chimaeras
make up less than 1% of all species
of fish
Hagfish
